Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25526892›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2014

Patterns of prescription drug expenditures and medication adherence among medicare part D beneficiaries with and without the low-income supplement.

Stella M Yala, Obidiugwu Kenrik Duru, Susan L Ettner, Norman Turk, Carol M Mangione, Arleen F Brown

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
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  10. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Stella M YalaDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles 10833 Le Conte Avenue A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. syala@mednet.ucla.edu.
Obidiugwu Kenrik DuruDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles 10833 Le Conte Avenue A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. KDuru@mednet.ucla.edu.
Susan L EttnerDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles 10833 Le Conte Avenue A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. settner@mednet.ucla.edu.
Norman TurkDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles 10833 Le Conte Avenue A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. NTurk@mednet.ucla.edu.
Carol M MangioneDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles 10833 Le Conte Avenue A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. CMangione@mednet.ucla.edu.
Arleen F BrownDavid Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles 10833 Le Conte Avenue A2-237 Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA. abrown@mednet.ucla.edu.

Funding

UCLA Clinical and Translational Science InstituteUL1TR000124 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DUBINETT, STEVEN M. · 2012 to 2015
$57.0M
The Center for Health Improvement of Minority ElderlyP30AG021684 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI CAROL M MANGIONE · 2002 to 2026
$19.7M
Mail-Order Pharmacy Use and Medication Adherence Among Older Adults with DiabetesK08AG033630 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI DURU, OBIDIUGWU KENRIK · 2009 to 2013
$606k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000124NCATS NIH HHS UL1TR000124NIA NIH HHS K08 AG033630NIA NIH HHS K08-AG033630NIA NIH HHS P30 AG021684NIA NIH HHS P30-AG021684NIMHD NIH HHS P60MD00692
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe association between the Medicare Part D low-income subsidy (LIS), gap coverage, and outcomes such as medical expenditures, prescription fills, and medication adherence is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the LIS and these measures for patients within a large, national Part D plan in the United States.

methodsIn this cross-sectional, retrospective analysis, we compared total and plan expenditures, out-of-pocket costs, and medication fills and adherence for three categories of Medicare beneficiaries: non-LIS beneficiaries without gap coverage (non-LIS/non-GC), non-LIS beneficiaries with gap coverage (non-LIS/GC), and LIS beneficiaries (LIS).

resultsLIS beneficiaries, relative to non-LIS/non-GC and non-LIS/GC beneficiaries, had higher total expenditures ($1,887 vs. $1,360 vs. $1,341); lower out-of-pocket costs ($148 vs. $546 vs. $570); more expenditures exceeding the gap threshold (27.6% vs. 18.4% vs. 16.9%); and slightly higher adherence to blood pressure (65.6% vs. 64.2% vs. 62.4%); diabetes (62.5% vs. 57.7 vs. 57.4%); and lipid-lowering (59.6% vs. 57.0 vs. 55.6%) medications.

conclusionLIS beneficiaries had higher total expenditures, lower out-of-pocket costs, and modestly better adherence to diabetes medications than non-LIS/non-GC and non-LIS/GC beneficiaries.

Indexed as

Medication AdherencePovertyAgedAged, 80 and overCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes MellitusFemaleFinancing, PersonalHealth ExpendituresHumansInsurance CoverageMaleMedicare Part DPrescription DrugsRetrospective StudiesUnited StatesPrescription Drugs

Identifiers

PMID25526892
PMCPMC4302141

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.