Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25526599›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2015

Developmental change in amygdala reactivity during adolescence: effects of family history of depression and stressful life events.

Johnna R Swartz, Douglas E Williamson, Ahmad R Hariri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
18.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Understanding the emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescence from a brain and behavioral developmental perspective.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Closed-loop neurostimulation for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Johnna R SwartzFrom the Center for Developmental Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and the Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, N.C.; and the Translational Epidemiology Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio.
Douglas E Williamson
Ahmad R Hariri
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USCancer Research And Biostatistics · US

Funding

Human Development: Interdisiplinary Research TrainingT32HD007376 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BELGER, AYSENIL, PROPPER, CATHI BARBRA · 1988 to 2020
$8.0M
Affective & Neurobiological Predictors of Adolescent-Onset Alcohol Use DisordersR01AA016274 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI WILLIAMSON, DOUGLAS E · 2006 to 2010
$2.6M
Self-Regulation Failure: Identifying and Modifying a Risk PhenotypeR01DA031579 · NIDA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HARIRI, AHMAD R., STRAUMAN, TIMOTHY J · 2010 to 2012
$1.9M
Neurogenetic Pathways to Drug Use in Young AdultsR01DA033369 · NIDA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI HARIRI, AHMAD R. · 2013 to 2016
$1.4M
Project AIM: Preventing Illicit Substance Use Among Middle School ChildrenR21DA022569 · NIDA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI STRAUMAN, TIMOTHY J · 2008 to 2009
$429k
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA016274NIAAA NIH HHS R01AA016274NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD007376NICHD NIH HHS T32-HD07376NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA031579NIDA NIH HHS R01DA031579NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA033369NIDA NIH HHS R01DA033369NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA022569
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAlthough heightened amygdala reactivity is observed in patients with major depression, two critical gaps in our knowledge remain. First, it is unclear whether heightened amygdala reactivity is a premorbid vulnerability or a consequence of the disorder. Second, it is unknown how and when this neural phenotype develops. The authors sought to address these gaps by evaluating developmental change in threat-related amygdala reactivity in adolescents at high or low risk for depression based on family history, before onset of disorder.

methodAt baseline and again 2 years later, adolescents (initially 11-15 years of age) participated in a functional MRI paradigm that elicited threat-related amygdala reactivity. After quality control, data were available for 232 adolescents at wave 1 and 197 adolescents at wave 2; longitudinal data meeting quality control at both waves were available for 157 of these participants. Change in amygdala reactivity was assessed as a function of family history of depression and severity of stressful life events.

resultsThreat-related amygdala reactivity increased with age in participants with a positive family history regardless of the severity of life stress reported, and it increased in adolescents with a negative family history who reported relatively severe life stress. These changes in amygdala reactivity with age occurred in the absence of clinical disorder or increases in depressive symptoms.

conclusionsThese results suggest that heightened amygdala reactivity emerges during adolescence, prior to the development of depression, as a function of familial risk or, in the absence of familial risk, stressful life events.

Indexed as

AmygdalaDepressive DisorderLife Change EventsAdolescentFamilyFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMalePsychological TechniquesPsychopathologyRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsStress, Psychological

Identifiers

PMID25526599
PMCPMC4452289
OpenAlexW2100880539

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.