Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25525873›Full record

ArticleCell2014

A highly conserved program of neuronal microexons is misregulated in autistic brains.

Manuel Irimia, Robert J Weatheritt, Jonathan D Ellis, Neelroop N Parikshak, Thomas Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis, Mariana Babor, Mathieu Quesnel-Vallières, Javier Tapial, Bushra Raj, Dave O'Hanlon and 7 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 438 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
438citing papers in PubMed
19.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

438 citing papers in PubMed, 737 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  6. Transcriptomic Convergence in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Synaptic, Immune-Glial and RNA-Regulatory Axes in the Human Cerebral Cortex.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Dystonia and Chorea Linked to De Novo Variants in the Splicing Regulator SRRM4.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
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  12. Nociceptor-enriched CAPS1 isoform couples to CabioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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378 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Manuel IrimiaDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; EMBL/CRG Research Unit in Systems Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 88 Dr. Aiguader, Barcelona 08003, Spain. Electronic address: mirimia@gmail.com.
Robert J WeatherittDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
Jonathan D EllisDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
Neelroop N ParikshakDepartment of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Thomas Gonatopoulos-PournatzisDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
Mariana BaborDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
Mathieu Quesnel-VallièresDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
Javier TapialEMBL/CRG Research Unit in Systems Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 88 Dr. Aiguader, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
Bushra RajDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
Dave O'HanlonDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.
Miriam Barrios-RodilesLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
Michael J E SternbergCentre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
Sabine P CordesLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Frederick P RothDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada; Canadian Institute For Advanced Research, 180 Dundas Street West, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
Jeffrey L WranaLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
Daniel H GeschwindDepartment of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Benjamin J BlencoweDonnelly Centre, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address: b.blencowe@utoronto.ca.
University of Toronto · CACanada Research Chairs · CACentre for Genomic Regulation · ESUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USImperial College London · GBMount Sinai Hospital · CAMRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology · GB

Funding

Genomic Analysis of Network Perturbations in Human DiseaseP50HG004233 · NHGRI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI VIDAL, MARC · 2007 to 2017
$31.6M
UCLA-Caltech Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM008042 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI AJIJOLA, OLUJIMI A, DAWSON, DAVID WAYNE · 1985 to 2023
$29.9M
Mapping the first half of the REFERENCE human binary protein interactomeU01HG001715 · NHGRI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI HILL, DAVID E., ROTH, FREDERICK P · 2012 to 2014
$5.4M
Identification and Characterization of Asymmetrically-Expressed GenesR37MH060233 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GESCHWIND, DANIEL H · 2006 to 2014
$5.3M
Epigenetic and Transcriptional Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum DisorderR01MH094714 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI GESCHWIND, DANIEL H · 2011 to 2015
$2.8M
Computational Methods for Directed Functional GenomicsR01HG003224 · NHGRI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI ROTH, FREDERICK P · 2005 to 2010
$2.2M
Transcriptional Regulators in Normal Human Brain Development and AutismF30MH099886 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI PARIKSHAK, NEELROOP NARENDRA · 2012 to 2015
$85k
Canadian Institutes of Health ResearchNHGRI NIH HHS P50 HG004233NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG003224NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG001715NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG001715NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008042NIMH NIH HHS 5R01MH094714NIMH NIH HHS 5R37MH060233NIMH NIH HHS F30 MH099886NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH094714NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH060233
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alternative splicing (AS) generates vast transcriptomic and proteomic complexity. However, which of the myriad of detected AS events provide important biological functions is not well understood. Here, we define the largest program of functionally coordinated, neural-regulated AS described to date in mammals. Relative to all other types of AS within this program, 3-15 nucleotide "microexons" display the most striking evolutionary conservation and switch-like regulation. These microexons modulate the function of interaction domains of proteins involved in neurogenesis. Most neural microexons are regulated by the neuronal-specific splicing factor nSR100/SRRM4, through its binding to adjacent intronic enhancer motifs. Neural microexons are frequently misregulated in the brains of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, and this misregulation is associated with reduced levels of nSR100. The results thus reveal a highly conserved program of dynamic microexon regulation associated with the remodeling of protein-interaction networks during neurogenesis, the misregulation of which is linked to autism.

Indexed as

Alternative SplicingAnimalsChild Development Disorders, PervasiveHumansMiceModels, MolecularNerve Tissue ProteinsNeurogenesisNeuronsProtein Interaction Domains and MotifsSequence Analysis, RNATemporal LobeNerve Tissue ProteinsSRRM4 protein, human

Identifiers

PMID25525873
PMCPMC4390143
OpenAlexW2139480055

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.