ArticleFrontiers in zoology2014
The nervous system of Paludicella articulata - first evidence of a neuroepithelium in a ctenostome ectoproct.
Article in Frontiers in zoology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Digging into boring bryozoans: new characters and new species of Immergentiidae.Organisms, diversity & evolution · 2024Article
- Morphology of ctenostome bryozoans: 5. Sundanella, with description of a new species from the Western Atlantic and the Multiporata concept.Journal of morphology · 2022Article
- A comparative analysis of the nervous system of cheilostome bryozoans.BMC zoology · 2021Article
- Morphology of ctenostome bryozoans: 3. Elzerina, Flustrellidra, Bockiella.Journal of morphology · 2021Article
- First data on the organization of the nervous system in juveniles of Novocrania anomala (Brachiopoda, Craniiformea).Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Key novelties in the evolution of the aquatic colonial phylum Bryozoa: evidence from soft body morphology.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2020Review
- The neuroanatomy ofFrontiers in zoology · 2019Article
- Life in a tube: morphology of the ctenostome bryozoanZoological letters · 2019Article
- Morphology of the bryozoan Cinctipora elegans (Cyclostomata, Cinctiporidae) with first data on its sexual reproduction and the cyclostome neuro-muscular system.BMC evolutionary biology · 2018Article
- The nervous system in the cyclostome bryozoanFrontiers in zoology · 2018Article
- Reconstructing the muscular ground pattern of phylactolaemate bryozoans: first data from gelatinous representatives.BMC evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- Innervation of the lophophore suggests that the phoronid Phoronis ovalis is a link between phoronids and bryozoans.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The first data on the innervation of the lophophore in the rhynchonelliform brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea: what is the ground pattern of the lophophore in lophophorates?BMC evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- The nervous system of the lophophore in the ctenostome Amathia gracilis provides insight into the morphology of ancestral ectoprocts and the monophyly of the lophophorates.BMC evolutionary biology · 2016Article
- The serotonin-lir nervous system of the Bryozoa (Lophotrochozoa): a general pattern in the Gymnolaemata and implications for lophophore evolution of the phylum.BMC evolutionary biology · 2015Article
- Modern Data on the Innervation of the Lophophore in Lingula anatina (Brachiopoda) Support the Monophyly of the Lophophorates.PloS one · 2015Article
- The lophophore innervation pattern of the inarticulate brachiopod Lingula anatina (Brachiopoda) supports monophyly of Lophophorata.Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections · 2015Article
- Comparative morphology of the nervous system in three phylactolaemate bryozoans.Frontiers in zoology · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
introductionComparatively few data are available concerning the structure of the adult nervous system in the Ectoprocta or Bryozoa. In contrast to all other ectoprocts, the cerebral ganglion of phylactolaemates contains a central fluid-filled lumen surrounded by a neuroepithelium. Preliminary observations have shown a small lumen within the cerebral ganglion of the ctenostome Paludicella articulata. Ctenostome-grade ectoprocts are of phylogenetic relevance since they are considered to have retained ancestral ectoproct features. Therefore, the ctenostome Paludicella articulata was analyzed in order to contribute to the basal neural bauplan of ctenostomes and the Ectoprocta in general.
resultsThe presence of a lumen and a neuroepithelial organization of the nerve cells within the cerebral ganglion are confirmed. Four tentacle nerves project from the cerebral ganglion into each tentacle. Three of the tentacle nerves (one abfrontal and two latero-frontal nerves) have an intertentacular origin, whereas the medio-frontal nerve arises from the cerebral ganglion. Six to eight visceral nerves and four tentacle sheath nerves are found to emanate from the cerebral ganglion and innervate the digestive tract and the tentacle sheath, respectively.
conclusionsThe situation in P. articulata corresponds to the situation found in other ctenostomes and supports the notion that four tentacle nerves are the ancestral configuration in Ectoprocta and not six as proposed earlier. The presence of a lumen in the ganglion represents the ancestral state in Ectoprocta which disappears during ontogeny in all except in adult Phylactolaemata and P. articulata. It appears likely that it has been overlooked in earlier studies owing to its small size.
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