ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2015
Colonization of the upper genital tract by vaginal bacterial species in nonpregnant women.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03828994 (Technology Based Community Health Nursing), which is not on this map. Cited by 163 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Technology Based Community Health Nursing(TECH-N) to Prevent Recurrent STIs After PID
Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 381 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reproductive tract and follicular fluid microbiota and probiotic interventions in IVF/ICSI outcomes: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Antibiotics prior to or at the time of embryo transfer in ART.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- The role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids - a systematic review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of clindamycin and LACTIN-V for in vitro fertilization patients with vaginal dysbiosis: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- The effect of normalizing vaginal microbiome using Lactovag in improving pregnancy outcomes in frozen embryo transfer cycles: a randomized clinical trial.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Trial
- Exploring the Possible Role of Endometriosis-Associated Dysbiosis in Endometrial Carcinogenesis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- The Female Reproductive Microbiome: Mechanistic Insights and Bioengineering Perspectives.Biology · 2026Review
- Comparative genomics of Sneathia species: insights into pathogenicity and adaptation to the human niche.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Presence and Dominance ofDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond the Barrier: Epithelial Cells as Immune Sentinels in the Female Genital Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Bacterial microbiome analysis of vaginal, cervical, and endometrial samples in patients with adenomyosis during the window of implantation.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Chronic endometritis and recurrent implantation failure: a narrative review of clinical relevance and diagnostic challenges.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Contribution of endometrial microbiome to inflammation-mediated infertility in women undergoing ART.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Vaginal Nugent Lactobacillus morphotype score and endometrial pathogen detection: a two-centre retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Uterine microbiota dynamics and new therapeutic opportunities in gynecological diseases.American journal of translational research · 2026Review
- Surgical site infections and sepsis in gynecological surgery.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Review
- Microbiota insights in endometriosis.Microbiome · 2025Review
- Microbial regulators of physiological and reproductive health in women of reproductive age: their local, proximal and distal regulatory roles.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Endometrial Microbiome and Reproductive Receptivity: Diverse Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Inflammatory cytokine interleukin-18 prevents murine miscarriage by inducing appropriate inflammation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of the study was to evaluate the upper genital tract (UGT) presence of vaginal bacterial species using sensitive molecular methods capable of detecting fastidious bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated bacteria. STUDY
designVaginal swabs were collected prior to hysterectomy. The excised uterus was sterilely opened and swabs collected from the endometrium and upper endocervix. DNA was tested in 11 quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for 12 bacterial species: Lactobacillus iners, L crispatus, L jensenii, Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Megasphaera spp, Prevotella spp, Leptotrichia/Sneathia, BVAB1, BVAB2, BVAB3, and a broad-range16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene assay. Endometrial fluid was tested with Luminex and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cytokines and defensins and tissue for gene expression of defensins and cathelicidin.
resultsWe enrolled 58 women: mean aged 43±7 years, mostly white (n=46; 79%) and BV negative (n=43; 74%). By species-specific quantitative PCR, 55 (95%) had UGT colonization with at least 1 species (n=52) or were positive by 16S PCR (n=3). The most common species were L iners (45% UGT, 61% vagina), Prevotella spp (33% UGT, 76% vagina) and L crispatus (33% UGT, 56% vagina). Median quantities of bacteria in the UGT were lower than vaginal levels by 2-4 log10 ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene copies per swab. There were no differences in the endometrial inflammatory markers between women with no bacteria, Lactobacillus only, or any BV-associated species in the UGT.
conclusionOur data suggest that the endometrial cavity is not sterile in most women undergoing hysterectomy and that the presence of low levels of bacteria in the uterus is not associated with significant inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.