ArticlemAbs2015
Structural insights and biomedical potential of IgNAR scaffolds from sharks.
Article in mAbs, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Rationally Designed Novel Bifunctional Human TNF-α- and Janus Kinase-Targeted soloMER Drug Conjugate (SDC) with a Neutrophil Elastase Cleavable Linker Delivering Inflammation Site-Specific Release of Payload.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Theranostic vNAR-Based Immunoconjugates Achieve Selective Intracellular Cisplatin Delivery in Embedded 3D HER2-Positive Breast Cancer In Vitro Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development and application of a VNAR-based detection nanobody for avian influenza virus H9N2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies as Tools for Novel Target Identification in Kinetoplastid Research.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Review
- The characterization of variable new antigen receptors targeting FAP isolated from a novel immunized library.Communications biology · 2025Article
- A phage-displayed nanobody-based competitive immunoassay for the detection of African swine fever virus antibodies.Virology journal · 2025Article
- A Single-Domain VNAR Nanobody Binds with High-Affinity and Selectivity to the Heparin Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Taming interleukin-12: Engineering of bispecific antibody-based IL-12 mimetics with biased agonism capacities.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025Article
- Isolation and Characterization of the First Antigen-Specific EGFRvIII vNAR from Freshwater Stingray (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Development of FAP-targeted theranostics discovered by next-generation sequencing-augmented mining of a novel immunized VNAR library.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- VNAR: shark single-domain antibodies for the new era of medical biotechnology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Characteristics and Genomic Localization of Nurse Shark (International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- On the humanization of VHHs: Prospective case studies, experimental and computational characterization of structural determinants for functionality.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Screening and anti-angiogenesis activity of Chiloscyllium plagiosum anti-human VEGFR2 single-domain antibody.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Current development of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing antibodies (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2024Review
- VHH Nanobody Versatility against Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Nanobodies in the fight against infectious diseases: repurposing nature's tiny weapons.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2024Review
- vNARs as Neutralizing Intracellular Therapeutic Agents: Glioblastoma as a Target.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Advancements in mammalian display technology for therapeutic antibody development and beyond: current landscape, challenges, and future prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In addition to antibodies with the classical composition of heavy and light chains, the adaptive immune repertoire of sharks also includes a heavy-chain only isotype, where antigen binding is mediated exclusively by a small and highly stable domain, referred to as vNAR. In recent years, due to their high affinity and specificity combined with their small size, high physicochemical stability and low-cost of production, vNAR fragments have evolved as promising target-binding scaffolds that can be tailor-made for applications in medicine and biotechnology. This review highlights the structural features of vNAR molecules, addresses aspects of their generation using immunization or in vitro high throughput screening methods and provides examples of therapeutic, diagnostic and other biotechnological applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.