ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2015
Biodistribution and delivery efficiency of unmodified tumor-derived exosomes.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 391 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
391 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exosome-Laden Scaffolds for Treatment of Post-Traumatic Cartilage Injury and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Modified tumor uptake and biodistribution of nanoparticles coated with small extracellular vesicle membranes derived from distinct tumor cell lines.International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2026Article
- Engineered exosomes for breast cancer immunotherapy: Emerging strategies and translational potential.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Review
- A product control framework for extracellular vesicle therapeutics: Quality attributes, stability, analytical procedures, and biodistribution.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Skin organoid-derived exosomes in a hydrogel system potentiate skin wound healing.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer: biological functions, clinical applications, and engineering strategies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles: Navigating new frontiers in glioblastoma therapy.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Cell Crosstalk: from Intercellular Communication to Clinical Translation.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Review
- Safety evaluation of repeated administration of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Exosomal circ_0050688 Shapes a Chemoresistant Microenvironment by Driving Spatial Resistance Spreading in Glioblastoma via the MDM2 Pathway.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Engineered Exosomes in Precision Neuro-Oncology: Mechanisms, Therapeutics, and Translational Challenges.Cancers · 2026Review
- Recent Progress in Exosome-Derived Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Therapy: Advances, Translational Barriers, and Scale-Up Considerations.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- The Mechanistic Review of the Molecular Interface of RNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles: Redefining Targeted Therapy for Autoimmune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Myocardial Infarction: Dual Role in Ferroptosis Regulation and In Vivo Imaging.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Stem Cells and Their Derivatives in Cardiac Fibrosis Therapy: Challenges and Perspectives.Cells · 2026Review
- AAV2.7m8-Mediated MicroRNA Expression Suppresses VEGF-Induced Angiogenic Responses in HUVEC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Small vesicles, big potential: A review of innovative exosome delivery and molecular mechanisms in preclinical myocardial infarction models.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Comprehensive Review of Their Origins, Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Construction of Curcumin-Loaded Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their Mechanism in Inhibiting Pyroptosis During Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
331 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The use of exosomes as a drug delivery vehicle has gained considerable interest. To establish if exosomes could be utilized effectively for drug delivery, a better understanding of their in vivo fate must be established. Through comparisons to liposomal formulations, which have been studied extensively for the last thirty years, we were able to make some comprehensive conclusions about the fate of unmodified tumor-derived exosomes in vivo. We observed a comparable rapid clearance and minimal tumor accumulation of intravenously-injected exosomes, PC:Chol liposomes, and liposomes formulated with the lipid extract of exosomes, suggesting that the unique protein and lipid composition of exosomes does not appreciably impact exosomes' rate of clearance and biodistribution. This rapid clearance along with minimal tumor accumulation of unmodified exosomes limits their use as an anti-cancer drug delivery vehicle; however, when delivered intratumorally, exosomes remained associated with tumor tissue to a significantly greater extent than PC:Chol liposomes. Furthermore, experiments utilizing mice with impaired adaptive or innate immune systems, revealed the significance of the innate immune system along with the complement protein C5 on exosomes' rate of clearance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.