Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25523357›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2014

Entropy, complexity, and Markov diagrams for random walk cancer models.

Paul K Newton, Jeremy Mason, Brian Hurt, Kelly Bethel, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Jorge Nieva, Peter Kuhn

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Modeling the Onset of Symptoms of COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2020
    Article
  8. Circulating Tumor Cells: High-Throughput Imaging of CTCs and Bioinformatic Analysis.Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer · 2020
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. The prisoner's dilemma as a cancer model.Convergent science physical oncology · 2016
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Paul K NewtonViterbi School of Engineering, Department of Mathematics, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1191, USA.
Jeremy MasonViterbi School of Engineering, Department of Mathematics, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1191, USA.
Brian HurtViterbi School of Engineering, Department of Mathematics, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1191, USA.
Kelly BethelScripps Clinic Medical Group, 10666 N. Torrey Pines Rd. MC 211C, La Jolla CA 92037.
Lyudmila BazhenovaUCSD Moores Cancer Center, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093.
Jorge NievaKeck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue Suite 3440, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
Peter KuhnDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3430 S. Vermont Ave, Suite 105, Los Angeles CA 90089-3301.

Funding

TopologyU54CA143906 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KUHN, PETER · 2009 to 2014
$10.2M
NCI NIH HHS U54 CA143906NCI NIH HHS U54CA143906
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The notion of entropy is used to compare the complexity associated with 12 common cancers based on metastatic tumor distribution autopsy data. We characterize power-law distributions, entropy, and Kullback-Liebler divergence associated with each primary cancer as compared with data for all cancer types aggregated. We then correlate entropy values with other measures of complexity associated with Markov chain dynamical systems models of progression. The Markov transition matrix associated with each cancer is associated with a directed graph model where nodes are anatomical locations where a metastatic tumor could develop, and edge weightings are transition probabilities of progression from site to site. The steady-state distribution corresponds to the autopsy data distribution. Entropy correlates well with the overall complexity of the reduced directed graph structure for each cancer and with a measure of systemic interconnectedness of the graph, called graph conductance. The models suggest that grouping cancers according to their entropy values, with skin, breast, kidney, and lung cancers being prototypical high entropy cancers, stomach, uterine, pancreatic and ovarian being mid-level entropy cancers, and colorectal, cervical, bladder, and prostate cancers being prototypical low entropy cancers, provides a potentially useful framework for viewing metastatic cancer in terms of predictability, complexity, and metastatic potential.

Indexed as

EntropyMarkov ChainsModels, BiologicalHumansNeoplasms

Identifiers

PMID25523357
PMCPMC4894412

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.