Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25523171›Full record

ReviewGM crops & food2014

Transgene flow: facts, speculations and possible countermeasures.

Gerhart U Ryffel

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in GM crops & food, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Scientists' warning on genetic pollution.Discover conservation · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Gerhart U Ryffela Institut für Zellbiologie (Tumorforschung); Universitätsklinikum Essen ; Essen , Germany.
Max Planck Institut für Zellbiologie · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Convincing evidence has accumulated that unintended transgene escape occurs in oilseed rape, maize, cotton and creeping bentgrass. The escaped transgenes are found in variant cultivars, in wild type plants as well as in hybrids of sexually compatible species. The fact that in some cases stacked events are present that have not been planted commercially, implies unintended recombination of transgenic traits. As the consequences of this continuous transgene escape for the ecosystem cannot be reliably predicted, I propose to use more sophisticated approaches of gene technology in future. If possible GM plants should be constructed using either site-directed mutagenesis or cisgenic strategies to avoid the problem of transgene escape. In cases where a transgenic trait is needed, efficient containment should be the standard approach. Various strategies available or in development are discussed. Such a cautious approach in developing novel types of GM crops will enhance the sustainable potential of GM crops and thus increase the public trust in green gene technology.

Indexed as

TransgenesCrops, AgriculturalEcosystemGene FlowMutagenesis, Site-DirectedPlants, Genetically ModifiedapomixiscisgenesiscleistogamyEPSP, enolpyruvylshikimate-3 phospathe conferring glyphosate resistanceinfertilityintragenesisPAT, phosphinothricin acetyl transferase conferring glufosinate resistancetransgene flowtransgenic mitigationVT, volunteer

Identifiers

PMID25523171
PMCPMC5033179
OpenAlexW2115750840

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.