ReviewExpert review of clinical immunology2015
Body fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: how far we have come and how they could affect the clinic now and in the future.
Review in Expert review of clinical immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells at the Level of Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Pooled it
- Recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: clinical applications and challenges.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Identifying and validating MMP family members (MMP2, MMP9, MMP12, and MMP16) as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC).Oncology research · 2024Article
- The role of microRNAs involved in the disorder of blood-brain barrier in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- A Scoping Review on Body Fluid Biomarkers for Prognosis and Disease Activity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- The Brave New World of Early Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Using the Molecular Biomarkers CXCL13 and Neurofilament Light to Optimize Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Proteomics of Multiple Sclerosis: Inherent Issues in Defining the Pathoetiology and Identifying (Early) Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Identification and Clinical Validation of Key Extracellular Proteins as the Potential Biomarkers in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Genomic, proteomic, and systems biology approaches in biomarker discovery for multiple sclerosis.Cellular immunology · 2020Review
- Environmental Influencers, MicroRNA, and Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2020Review
- Metabolomic Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Review
- Wide Cytokine Analysis in Cerebrospinal Fluid at Diagnosis Identified CCL-3 as a Possible Prognostic Factor for Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Altered Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Early Stages of Multiple Sclerosis-Metabolic Profile Analyses.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2019Article
- Review
- Impact of trial design and patient heterogeneity on the identification of clinically effective therapies for progressive MS.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2018Article
- Erythrocyte microRNA sequencing reveals differential expression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.BMC medical genomics · 2018Article
- Neuro-Immune Hemostasis: Homeostasis and Diseases in the Central Nervous System.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2018Review
- Detection of Glycan Shedding in the Blood: New Class of Multiple Sclerosis Biomarkers?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in an elderly patient.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2017Article
- Neuro-Coagulopathy: Blood Coagulation Factors in Central Nervous System Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, which affects over 2.5 million people worldwide. Although MS has been extensively studied, many challenges still remain in regards to treatment, diagnosis and prognosis. Typically, prognosis and individual responses to treatment are evaluated by clinical tests such as the expanded disability status scale, MRI and presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, none of these measures correlates strongly with treatment efficacy or disease progression across heterogeneous patient populations and subtypes of MS. Numerous studies over the past decades have attempted to identify sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment efficacy of MS. The objective of this article is to review and discuss the current literature on body fluid biomarkers in MS, including research on potential biomarker candidates in the areas of miRNA, mRNA, lipids and proteins.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.