ArticlePLoS pathogens2014
Molecular evolution of broadly neutralizing Llama antibodies to the CD4-binding site of HIV-1.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Hypervariable loop profiling decodes sequence determinants of antibody stability.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Engineering B cells to express fully customizable antibodies with enhanced Fc functions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Engineering B cells to Express Fully Customizable Antibodies with Enhanced Fc Functions.Research square · 2025Article
- PET imaging of HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 usingiScience · 2025Article
- Scalable, robust, high-throughput expression & purification of nanobodies enabled by 2-stage dynamic control.Metabolic engineering · 2024Article
- Immunization of cows with HIV envelope trimers generates broadly neutralizing antibodies to the V2-apex from the ultralong CDRH3 repertoire.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- An in silico method to assess antibody fragment polyreactivity.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Directing HIV-1 for degradation by non-target cells, using bi-specific single-chain llama antibodies.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A panel of nanobodies recognizing conserved hidden clefts of all SARS-CoV-2 spike variants including Omicron.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Structural basis for llama nanobody recognition and neutralization of HIV-1 at the CD4-binding site.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2022Article
- Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies: Promises and Challenges as Lifesaving Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Protein design and variant prediction using autoregressive generative models.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Structural basis of broad HIV neutralization by a vaccine-induced cow antibody.Science advances · 2020Article
- Nanobodies that Neutralize HIV.Vaccines · 2019Review
- Super Potent Bispecific Llama VHH Antibodies Neutralize HIV via a Combination of gp41 and gp120 Epitopes.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- HIV-1 immunogens and strategies to drive antibody responses towards neutralization breadth.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- The expanding array of HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- Selection of nanobodies with broad neutralizing potential against primary HIV-1 strains using soluble subtype C gp140 envelope trimers.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To date, no immunization of humans or animals has elicited broadly neutralizing sera able to prevent HIV-1 transmission; however, elicitation of broad and potent heavy chain only antibodies (HCAb) has previously been reported in llamas. In this study, the anti-HIV immune responses in immunized llamas were studied via deep sequencing analysis using broadly neutralizing monoclonal HCAbs as a guides. Distinct neutralizing antibody lineages were identified in each animal, including two defined by novel antibodies (as variable regions called VHH) identified by robotic screening of over 6000 clones. The combined application of five VHH against viruses from clades A, B, C and CRF_AG resulted in neutralization as potent as any of the VHH individually and a predicted 100% coverage with a median IC50 of 0.17 µg/ml for the panel of 60 viruses tested. Molecular analysis of the VHH repertoires of two sets of immunized animals showed that each neutralizing lineage was only observed following immunization, demonstrating that they were elicited de novo. Our results show that immunization can induce potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies in llamas with features similar to human antibodies and provide a framework to analyze the effectiveness of immunization protocols.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.