ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2015
Factors affecting actualisation of the WHO breastfeeding recommendations in urban poor settings in Kenya.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends and Research Frontiers on Exclusive Breastfeeding Policy: A Bibliometric Analysis.F1000Research · 2026Pooled it
- Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Pooled it
- Inequalities in Access and Utilization of Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Services in sub-Saharan Africa: A Special Focus on Urban Settings.Maternal and child health journal · 2022Pooled it
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in East Africa: a systematic review.International breastfeeding journal · 2020Pooled it
- Addressing barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and programmatic implications.Public health nutrition · 2017Pooled it
- A randomized controlled, trial on effects of mobile phone text messaging in combination with motivational interviewing versus standard infant feeding counselling on breastfeeding and child health outcomes, among women living with HIV.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of the baby-friendly community initiative in promoting exclusive breastfeeding among HIV negative and positive mothers: a randomized controlled trial in Koibatek Sub-County, Baringo, Kenya.International breastfeeding journal · 2020Trial
- Economic determinants of breastfeeding in Haiti: The effects of poverty, food insecurity, and employment on exclusive breastfeeding in an urban population.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Trial
- Effectiveness of home-based nutritional counselling and support on exclusive breastfeeding in urban poor settings in Nairobi: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Globalization and health · 2017Trial
- "Breastfeeding is difficult": a qualitative exploration of exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers in Eldoret, Kenya.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Breastfeeding and Infant Formulas: Short- and Long-Term Impacts on Infant Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- The global burden of suboptimal breastfeeding from 1990 to 2019: results and insights of the Global Burden of Disease.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- The relationship between earthquake-induced post-traumatic stress disorder and breastfeeding attitude and behavior.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- The practice of key messages for optimal breastfeeding and associated factors among lactating mothers in the Boset District, Oromia, Ethiopia.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Barriers to exclusive breastfeeding practice among HIV-positive mothers in Tanzania. An exploratory qualitative study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Infant and Young Child Feeding in the Context of HIV:medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Mothers' knowledge and practices on breastfeeding and complementary feeding in an urban slum area and rural area in Kenya: A cross-sectional interview study.Journal of child health care : for professionals working with children in the hospital and community · 2023Article
- Perceptions of the influence of a mobile phone-based messaging platform on caregiver ECD knowledge, attitudes and practices: a qualitative exploration in an informal settlement in Nairobi.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Dietary intake and socio-economic predictors of inadequate energy and nutrient intake among women of childbearing age in Karamoja sub-region of Uganda.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2023Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Poor breastfeeding practices are widely documented in Kenya, where only a third of children are exclusively breastfed for 6 months and only 2% in urban poor settings. This study aimed to better understand the factors that contribute to poor breastfeeding practices in two urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya. In-depth interviews (IDIs), focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) were conducted with women of childbearing age, community health workers, village elders and community leaders and other knowledgeable people in the community. A total of 19 IDIs, 10 FGDs and 11 KIIs were conducted, and were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were coded in NVIVO and analysed thematically. We found that there was general awareness regarding optimal breastfeeding practices, but the knowledge was not translated into practice, leading to suboptimal breastfeeding practices. A number of social and structural barriers to optimal breastfeeding were identified: (1) poverty, livelihood and living arrangements; (2) early and single motherhood; (3) poor social and professional support; (4) poor knowledge, myths and misconceptions; (5) HIV; and (6) unintended pregnancies. The most salient of the factors emerged as livelihoods, whereby women have to resume work shortly after delivery and work for long hours, leaving them unable to breastfeed optimally. Women in urban poor settings face an extremely complex situation with regard to breastfeeding due to multiple challenges and risk behaviours often dictated to them by their circumstances. Macro-level policies and interventions that consider the ecological setting are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.