Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25520706›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2014

Shotgun metagenomics reveals a wide array of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile elements in a polluted lake in India.

Johan Bengtsson-Palme, Fredrik Boulund, Jerker Fick, Erik Kristiansson, D G Joakim Larsson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Veterinary sciences · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. Article
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  12. Article
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  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Advocacy for Responsible Antibiotic Production and Use.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Antibiotic resistance in the environment.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022
    Review
  20. Article

19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Johan Bengtsson-PalmeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden.
Fredrik BoulundDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden.
Jerker FickDepartment of Chemistry, Umeå University Umeå, Sweden.
Erik KristianssonDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden.
D G Joakim LarssonDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is increasing evidence for an environmental origin of many antibiotic resistance genes. Consequently, it is important to identify environments of particular risk for selecting and maintaining such resistance factors. In this study, we described the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in an Indian lake subjected to industrial pollution with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. We also assessed the genetic context of the identified resistance genes, to try to predict their genetic transferability. The lake harbored a wide range of resistance genes (81 identified gene types) against essentially every major class of antibiotics, as well as genes responsible for mobilization of genetic material. Resistance genes were estimated to be 7000 times more abundant than in a Swedish lake included for comparison, where only eight resistance genes were found. The sul2 and qnrD genes were the most common resistance genes in the Indian lake. Twenty-six known and 21 putative novel plasmids were recovered in the Indian lake metagenome, which, together with the genes found, indicate a large potential for horizontal gene transfer through conjugation. Interestingly, the microbial community of the lake still included a wide range of taxa, suggesting that, across most phyla, bacteria has adapted relatively well to this highly polluted environment. Based on the wide range and high abundance of known resistance factors we have detected, it is plausible that yet unrecognized resistance genes are also present in the lake. Thus, we conclude that environments polluted with waste from antibiotic manufacturing could be important reservoirs for mobile antibiotic resistance genes.

Indexed as

antibiotic resistancehorizontal gene transferlake sedimentmetagenomicsmobile genetic elementspharmaceutical pollutionplasmids

Identifiers

PMID25520706
PMCPMC4251439

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.