Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2015
Aspirin, NSAIDs, and risk of prostate cancer: results from the REDUCE study.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of aspirin on incidence, recurrence, and mortality in prostate cancer patients: integrating evidence from randomized controlled trials and real-world studies.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Perioperative NSAIDs and Long-Term Outcomes After cancer Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current oncology reports · 2021Pooled it
- Prospective evaluation of serum IL-16 and risk of prostate cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2018Trial
- Fasting blood glucose, glycaemic control and prostate cancer risk in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer.British journal of cancer · 2018Trial
- Cardiometabolic comorbidities and prostate cancer risk: evidence from the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Aspirin's effect on macrophages beyond its chemopreventive role in inflammation and cancer.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Gemcitabine and Flurbiprofen Enhance Cytotoxic Effects on Cancer Cell Lines Mediated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- P2Y12 receptor-mediated cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression enhances tumor cell progression in a mouse model of lymphoma.Purinergic signalling · 2025Article
- NSAID-encapsulated nanoparticles as a targeted therapeutic platform for modulating chronic inflammation and inhibiting cancer progression: a review.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Significance of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Article
- Unlocking the Potential: Caloric Restriction, Caloric Restriction Mimetics, and Their Impact on Cancer Prevention and Treatment.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Microbes, macrophages, and melanin: a unifying theory of disease as exemplified by cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Inflammation and tumor microenvironment.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Review
- Oncofetal reprogramming in tumor development and progression: novel insights into cancer therapy.MedComm · 2023Review
- Perioperative Pain Management and Cancer Outcomes: A Narrative Review.Journal of pain research · 2023Review
- The risk of newly diagnosed cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by TNF inhibitor use: a nationwide cohort study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Olive Oil Phenolics and Platelets-From Molecular Mechanisms to Human Studies.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Precision intervention for prostate cancer: Re-evaluating who is at risk.Cancer letters · 2022Review
- Role of prostate cancer stem-like cells in the development of antiandrogen resistance.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2022Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeA recent meta-analysis showed that aspirin was associated with reduced prostate cancer risk. As anti-inflammatory medications lower PSA levels, whether these findings reflect reduced prostate cancer detection or lower prostate cancer risk is unknown. We tested the association between aspirin and nonaspirin NSAID use on prostate cancer diagnosis in REDUCE, where all men received biopsies at 2 and 4 years largely independent of PSA. REDUCE tested dutasteride for prostate cancer risk reduction in men with a PSA of 2.5 to 10.0 ng/mL and a negative prestudy biopsy. EXPERIMENTAL
designWe examined the association between aspirin, NSAIDs, or both and total, low-grade (Gleason < 7), or high-grade (Gleason ≥ 7) prostate cancer versus no prostate cancer using multinomial logistic regression among 6,390 men who underwent ≥1 on-study biopsy. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, race, geographic region, PSA, prostate volume, digital rectal examination, body mass index, treatment arm, smoking, alcohol, statins, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
resultsOverall, 3,169 men (50%) were nonusers, 1,368 (21%) used aspirin, 1,176 (18%) used NSAIDs, and 677 (11%) used both. In unadjusted models, aspirin was associated with reduced prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.85, P = 0.036). In multivariable analyses, aspirin was associated with reduced total prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.81, P = 0.015). Use of NSAIDs or NSAIDs and aspirin was not associated with total, low-grade, or high-grade prostate cancer, though all ORs were <1 (all P ≥ 0.08). Therefore, we created a dichotomous variable of aspirin and/or NSAID users versus nonusers. On multivariable analysis, the use of aspirin and/or NSAIDs was significantly associated with decreased total (OR = 0.87, P = 0.030) and high-grade (OR = 0.80, P = 0.040), but not with low-grade, prostate cancer risk (OR = 0.90, P = 0.15). Results were similar in placebo and dutasteride arms.
conclusionsAmong men with a negative biopsy, aspirin and/or NSAID use was associated with decreased prostate cancer risk. Additional studies are warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.