ArticleScientific reports2014
Anesthetic diffusion through lipid membranes depends on the protonation rate.
Article in Scientific reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of local anesthetic diffusion in nerve revealed by a 2D computational model.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- The analgesic paracetamol metabolite AM404 acts peripherally to directly inhibit sodium channels.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Machine Learning for Toxicity Prediction Using Chemical Structures: Pillars for Success in the Real World.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Disruption of biological membranes by hydrophobic molecules: a way to inhibit bacterial growth.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Direct visualization of general anesthetic propofol on neurons by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy.iScience · 2022Article
- Structure and Dynamics of GPCRs in Lipid Membranes: Physical Principles and Experimental Approaches.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Effect of Tumor Relevant Acidic Environment in the Interaction of a N-hydroxyindole-2-Carboxylic Derivative with the Phospholipid Bilayer.Pharmaceutical research · 2018Article
- Water in the human body: An anesthesiologist's perspective on the connection between physicochemical properties of water and physiologic relevance.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2018Review
- Molecular Mechanism of Resveratrol's Lipid Membrane Protection.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Mechanisms Underlying the Strong Inhibition of Muscle-Type Nicotinic Receptors by Tetracaine.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Study of procaine and tetracaine in the lipid bilayer using molecular dynamics simulation.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2017Article
- Muscle-Type Nicotinic Receptor Modulation by 2,6-Dimethylaniline, a Molecule Resembling the Hydrophobic Moiety of Lidocaine.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hundreds of substances possess anesthetic action. However, despite decades of research and tests, a golden rule is required to reconcile the diverse hypothesis behind anesthesia. What makes an anesthetic to be local or general in the first place? The specific targets on proteins, the solubility in lipids, the diffusivity, potency, action time? Here we show that there could be a new player equally or even more important to disentangle the riddle: the protonation rate. Indeed, such rate modulates the diffusion speed of anesthetics into lipid membranes; low protonation rates enhance the diffusion for local anesthetics while high ones reduce it. We show also that there is a pH and membrane phase dependence on the local anesthetic diffusion across multiple lipid bilayers. Based on our findings we incorporate a new clue that may advance our understanding of the anesthetic phenomenon.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.