ArticleBMJ open2014
A population-based study of premature mortality in relation to neighbourhood density of alcohol sales and cheque cashing outlets in Toronto, Canada.
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Overall and substance use-specific healthcare utilization among individuals with and without criminal justice involvement in Ontario, Canada.International journal of prison health · 2025Article
- Payday lenders and premature mortality.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Neighbourhood-level marginalization and avoidable mortality in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2020Article
- Public health policies and alcohol-related liver disease.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2019Review
- A scoping review on the relations between urban form and health: a focus on Canadian quantitative evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2019Article
- Understanding the relationship between alcohol outlet density and life expectancy in Baltimore City: The role of community violence and community disadvantage.Journal of community psychology · 2019Article
- Surveying Alcohol Outlet Density in Four Neighborhoods of Beirut Lebanon: Implications for Future Research and National Policy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- On-Premise Alcohol Establishments and Ambulance Calls for Trauma, Assault, and Intoxication.Medicine · 2016Article
- Not in My Back Yard: A Comparative Analysis of Crime Around Publicly Funded Drug Treatment Centers, Liquor Stores, Convenience Stores, and Corner Stores in One Mid-Atlantic City.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAlcohol overuse and poverty, each associated with premature death, often exist within disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Cheque cashing places (CCPs) may be opportunistically placed in disadvantaged neighbourhoods, where customers abound. We explored whether neighbourhood density of CCPs and alcohol outlets are each related to premature mortality among adults.
designRetrospective population-based study.
setting140 neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, 2005-2009.
participantsAdults aged 20-59 years. MEASURES: Our primary outcome was premature all-cause mortality among adults aged 20-59 years. Across neighbourhoods we explored neighbourhood density, in km(2), of CCPs and alcohol outlets, and the relation of each to premature mortality. Poisson regression provided adjusted relative risks (aRRs) and 95% CIs, adjusting for material deprivation quintile (Q), crime Q and number of banks.
resultsIntentional self-harm, accidental poisoning and liver disease were among the top five causes of premature death among males aged 20-59 years. The overall premature mortality rate was 96.3/10,000 males and 55.9/10,000 females. Comparing the highest versus lowest CCP density Q, the aRR for death was 1.25 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.36) among males and 1.11 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.24) among females. The corresponding aRR comparing the highest Q versus lowest Q alcohol outlet density in relation to premature mortality was 1.36 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.48) for males and 1.11 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.24) for females. The pattern of the relation between either CCPs or alcohol outlet density and premature mortality was typically J shaped.
conclusionsThere is a J-shaped relation between CCP or alcohol outlet density and premature mortality, even on controlling for conventional measures of poverty. Formal banking and alcohol reduction strategies might be added to health promotion policies aimed at reducing premature mortality in highly affected neighbourhoods.
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