ReviewCurrent biology : CB2014
Re-evaluation of the immunological Big Bang.
Review in Current biology : CB, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anisakiasis: A Decade of Molecular and Diagnostic Advancements (2015-2026).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Guarding epithelial integrity: origins of adaptive immunity and cancer immunosurveillance over time and space.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- The unexpected role of nurse shark pancreas as a secondary lymphoid organ.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- The Quest for Antibodies and Other Acquired Immune Receptors: A Historical Perspective.International journal of immunogenetics · 2025Review
- Histocompatibility in Botryllus schlosseri and the origins of adaptive immunity.Immunogenetics · 2025Review
- PD-1 is conserved from sharks to humans: new insights into PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, and SHP-2 evolution.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Role of Tula-Family Proteins in Cell Signaling and Activation: Advances and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- T-cell virtuosity in ''knowing thyself".Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Genomic view of the origins of cell-mediated immunity.Immunogenetics · 2023Article
- Insights into RAG Evolution from the Identification of "Missing Link" Family A RAGL Transposons.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- An Ancient MHC-Linked Gene Encodes a Nonrearranging Shark Antibody, UrIg, Convergent with IgG.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- TULA Proteins in Men, Mice, Hens, and Lice: Welcome to the Family.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- CD4 and LAG-3 from sharks to humans: related molecules with motifs for opposing functions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Structural insights into the evolution of the RAG recombinase.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Struggle within: evolution and ecology of somatic cell populations.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Article
- Review
- Molecular, Cellular and Functional Analysis of TRγ Chain along the European Sea BassInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Classically the immunological 'Big Bang' of adaptive immunity was believed to have resulted from the insertion of a transposon into an immunoglobulin superfamily gene member, initiating antigen receptor gene rearrangement via the RAG recombinase in an ancestor of jawed vertebrates. However, the discovery of a second, convergent adaptive immune system in jawless fish, focused on the so-called variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), was arguably the most exciting finding of the past decade in immunology and has drastically changed the view of immune origins. The recent report of a new lymphocyte lineage in lampreys, defined by the antigen receptor VLRC, suggests that there were three lymphocyte lineages in the common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates that co-opted different antigen receptor supertypes. The transcriptional control of these lineages during development is predicted to be remarkably similar in both the jawless (agnathan) and jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, suggesting that an early 'division of labor' among lymphocytes was a driving force in the emergence of adaptive immunity. The recent cartilaginous fish genome project suggests that most effector cytokines and chemokines were also present in these fish, and further studies of the lamprey and hagfish genomes will determine just how explosive the Big Bang actually was.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.