Trial reportInternational journal of health geographics2014
The SPOTLIGHT virtual audit tool: a valid and reliable tool to assess obesogenic characteristics of the built environment.
Trial report in International journal of health geographics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Use of social network analysis in the development, dissemination, implementation, and sustainability of health behavior interventions for adults: A systematic review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2019Pooled it
- Urban Health Indicator Tools of the Physical Environment: a Systematic Review.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Validity and reliability of the virtual audit tool for estimating built-environment characteristics in Taiwan.International journal of health geographics · 2025Article
- Is a voluntary healthy food policy effective? evaluating effects on foods and drinks for sale in hospitals and resulting policy changes.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Geospatial Modeling of Deep Neural Visual Features for Predicting Obesity Prevalence in Missouri: Quantitative Study.JMIR AI · 2024Article
- Meteorological gaps in audits of pedestrian environments: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Validation of desk-based audits using Google Street ViewInternational journal of health geographics · 2022Article
- Improving spatial data in health geographics: a practical approach for testing data to measure children's physical activity and food environments using Google Street View.International journal of health geographics · 2021Article
- Adapting the SPOTLIGHT Virtual Audit Tool to assess food and activity environments relevant for adolescents: a validity and reliability study.International journal of health geographics · 2021Article
- Deep phenotyping meets big data: the Geoscience and hEalth Cohort COnsortium (GECCO) data to enable exposome studies in The Netherlands.International journal of health geographics · 2020Article
- Spatial predictive properties of built environment characteristics assessed by drop-and-spin virtual neighborhood auditing.International journal of health geographics · 2020Article
- Development and Validation of a Google Street View Pedestrian Safety Audit Tool.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Neighbourhood drivability: environmental and individual characteristics associated with car use across Europe.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2020Article
- Drop-And-Spin Virtual Neighborhood Auditing: Assessing Built Environment for Linkage to Health Studies.American journal of preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Analyzing Associations Between Chronic Disease Prevalence and Neighborhood Quality Through Google Street View Images.IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions · 2020Article
- Small-Area Factors and Their Impact on Low Birth Weight-Results of a Birth Cohort Study in Bielefeld, Germany.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Validity and Reliability of the Facility List Coder, a New Tool to Evaluate Community Food Environments.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Psychological and Biological Pathways Linking Perceived Neighborhood Characteristics and Body Mass Index.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2019Article
- Using data from online geocoding services for the assessment of environmental obesogenic factors: a feasibility study.International journal of health geographics · 2019Article
- Data Collection Instruments for Obesogenic Environments in Adults: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA lack of physical activity and overconsumption of energy dense food is associated with overweight and obesity. The neighbourhood environment may stimulate or hinder the development and/or maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. To improve research on the obesogenicity of neighbourhood environments, reliable, valid and convenient assessment methods of potential obesogenic characteristics of neighbourhood environments are needed. This study examines the reliability and validity of the SPOTLIGHT-Virtual Audit Tool (S-VAT), which uses remote sensing techniques (Street View feature in Google Earth) for desk-based assessment of environmental obesogenicity.
methodsA total of 128 street segments in four Dutch urban neighbourhoods - heterogeneous in socio-economic status and residential density - were assessed using the S-VAT. Environmental characteristics were categorised as walking related items, cycling related items, public transport, aesthetics, land use-mix, grocery stores, food outlets and physical activity facilities. To assess concordance of inter- and intra-observer reliability of the Street View feature in Google Earth, and validity scores with real life audits, percentage agreement and Cohen's Kappa (k) were calculated.
resultsIntra-observer reliability was high and ranged from 91.7% agreement (k = 0.654) to 100% agreement (k = 1.000) with an overall agreement of 96.4% (k = 0.848). Inter-observer reliability results ranged from substantial agreement 78.6% (k = 0.440) to high agreement, 99.2% (k = 0.579), with an overall agreement of 91.5% (k = 0.595). Criterion validity was substantial to high for most of the categories ranging from 87.3% agreement (k = 0.539) to 99.9% agreement (k = 0.887) with an overall score of 95.6% agreement (k = 0.747).
conclusionThese study results suggest that the S-VAT is a highly reliable and valid remote sensing tool to assess potential obesogenic environmental characteristics.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.