ArticleBMC microbiology2014
Plasminogen activation by staphylokinase enhances local spreading of S. aureus in skin infections.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A φSa3int (NM3) Prophage Domestication inMedComm · 2025Article
- Factor XII-driven coagulation traps bacterial infections.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Speckle fluctuations reveal dynamics of microparticles in fibrin scaffolds in a model of bacterial infection.npj biological physics and mechanics · 2025Article
- Pathogenomic profile and clonal diversity of potential zoonotic MRSA-CC7-ST789-t091-SCCmecV from human skin and soft tissue infections.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The Epistemology of Bacterial Virulence Factor Characterization.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Fibrin and Fibrinolytic Enzyme Cascade in Thrombosis: Unravelling the Role.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- An Inflamed and Infected Reconstructed Human Epidermis to Study Atopic Dermatitis and Skin Care Ingredients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The C-Terminal Domain ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2021Review
- Increasing prevalence of hypervirulent ST5 methicillin susceptibleEmerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Staphylococcus lugdunensis: a Skin Commensal with Invasive Pathogenic Potential.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Interplay between ESKAPE Pathogens and Immunity in Skin Infections: An Overview of the Major Determinants of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A critical role for plasminogen in inflammation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Review
- The Multivalent Role of Fibronectin-Binding Proteins A and B (FnBPA and FnBPB) ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent cause of skin and soft tissue infections. A unique feature of S. aureus is the combined presence of coagulases that trigger fibrin formation and of the plasminogen activator staphylokinase (SAK). Whereas the importance of fibrin generation for S. aureus virulence has been established, the role of SAK remains unclear. We studied the role of plasminogen activation by SAK in a skin infection model in mice and evaluated the impact of alpha-2-antiplasmin (α2AP) deficiency on the spreading and proteolytic activity of S. aureus skin infections. The species-selectivity of SAK was overcome by adenoviral expression of human plasminogen. Bacterial spread and density was assessed non-invasively by imaging the bioluminescence of S. aureus Xen36.
resultsSAK-mediated plasmin activity increased the local invasiveness of S. aureus, leading to larger lesions with skin disruption as well as decreased bacterial clearance by the host. Even though fibrin and bacterial surfaces protected SAK-mediated plasmin activity from inhibition by α2AP, the deficiency of α2AP resulted in increased bacterial spreading. SAK-mediated plasmin also induced secondary activation of gelatinases, shown both in vitro and in lesions from the in vivo model.
conclusionSAK contributes to the phenotype of S. aureus skin infections by enhancing bacterial spreading as a result of fibrinolytic and proteolytic activation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.