ReviewToxins2014
The fate of microcystins in the environment and challenges for monitoring.
Review in Toxins, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interannual variation in freshwater and marine phycotoxins quantified from oysters cultured across diverse coastal sites.Aquaculture reports · 2026Article
- Female reproductive impacts of emerging cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom toxins.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Factors Affecting Risk Perceptions about the Human Health Effects Resulting from Harmful Algal Bloom Exposure.Journal of contemporary water research & education · 2025Article
- Marine-Algal-Derived Postbiotics Modulating the Gut Microbiota-Adipose Tissue Axis in Obesity: A New Frontier.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Combined Effects of Irradiation, Nutrients, and Cyanobacterial Composition on Microcystin Concentration in Chinese Plateau Lakes.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Biotransformation Dynamics and Products of Cyanobacterial Secondary Metabolites in Surface Waters.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Global Occurrence of Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Systems: Recent Advances, Human Health Risks, Mitigation, and Future Directions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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- Review
- Toward a Predictive Understanding of Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms through AI Integration of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Data.ACS ES&T water · 2024Review
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- Article
- Article
- The Influence of Micronutrient Trace Metals onToxins · 2022Article
- Microcystins in Water: Detection, Microbial Degradation Strategies, and Mechanisms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Nitrogen fixation contribution to nitrogen cycling during cyanobacterial blooms in Utah Lake.Chemosphere · 2022Article
- Antioxidant Therapy Significantly Attenuates Hepatotoxicity following Low Dose Exposure to Microcystin-LR in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Accumulation of Microcystin fromPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Microcystin Contamination and Toxicity: Implications for Agriculture and Public Health.Toxins · 2022Review
- As We Drink and Breathe: Adverse Health Effects of Microcystins and Other Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins in the Liver, Gut, Lungs and Beyond.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microcystins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria that act as hepatotoxins in higher organisms. These toxins can be altered through abiotic processes, such as photodegradation and adsorption, as well as through biological processes via metabolism and bacterial degradation. Some species of bacteria can degrade microcystins, and many other organisms metabolize microcystins into a series of conjugated products. There are toxicokinetic models used to examine microcystin uptake and elimination, which can be difficult to compare due to differences in compartmentalization and speciation. Metabolites of microcystins are formed as a detoxification mechanism, and little is known about how quickly these metabolites are formed. In summary, microcystins can undergo abiotic and biotic processes that alter the toxicity and structure of the microcystin molecule. The environmental impact and toxicity of these alterations and the metabolism of microcystins remains uncertain, making it difficult to establish guidelines for human health. Here, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the alterations microcystins can undergo in the environment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.