ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2015
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Psychosis, and Bipolarity: A Longitudinal Cohort and Multigenerational Family Study.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07092826 (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Formal and Content Modalities, Factors Involved in Loss of Insight, Role of Trauma, and Correlations With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Psychotic Vulnerability in Adolescents With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: First Longitudinal Evidence From a Prospective Pilot Study.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Convergent molecular signatures across eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder in the human brain.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Developmental coupling between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and psychotic-like experiences in youth: a four-wave longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Directional genetic relationships between obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Genetic liability to addiction underlies comorbid bipolar and substance use disorders.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Dealing with Early-Onset Schizophrenia and the Role of Lurasidone: An Expert Opinion.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Do Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Increase the Risk of Developing Psychosis? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2026Article
- Rare coding variation in OCD implicates shared genes with other psychiatric disorders.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Psychotic vulnerability in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: associations with clinical features and treatment outcome in two clinical samples.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Early life stress, psychiatric conditions, and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) in medically healthy young adults.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Predictors of psychotic experiences among adolescents with obsessive-compulsive symptoms: A data-driven machine learning approach.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic, mental health, education, employment and income characteristics of adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder who accessed secondary health services in Aotearoa | New Zealand.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2025Article
- Parental mental disorders in patients with comorbid schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a nationwide family-link study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Article
- Convergent molecular signatures across eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder in the human brain.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Brain metabolic profiling of schizophrenia: a path towards a better understanding of the neuropathogenesis of psychosis.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Review
- The Evolutionary and Developmental Pathways of Obsessive Compulsive Rituals in Psychopathology.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Integrating threat conditioning and the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology to advance the study of anxiety-related psychopathology.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2024Review
- Obsessive-compulsive symptoms relating to psychosocial functioning for people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2024Article
- Childhood Clinical Features Preceding the Onset of Bipolar Versus Major Depressive Disorders During Adolescence.Journal of attention disorders · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often co-occurs with psychotic and bipolar disorders; this comorbidity complicates the clinical management of these conditions. In this population-based longitudinal and multigenerational family study, we examined the patterns of comorbidity, longitudinal risks, and shared familial risks between these disorders. Participants were individuals with a diagnosis of OCD (n = 19,814), schizophrenia (n = 58,336), bipolar disorder (n = 48,180), and schizoaffective disorder (n = 14,904) included in the Swedish Patient Register between January 1969 and December 2009; their first-, second-, and third-degree relatives; and population-matched (1:10 ratio) unaffected comparison individuals and their relatives. The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register was used to control for the potential effect of medication in the longitudinal analyses. Individuals with OCD had a 12-fold increased risk of having a comorbid diagnosis of schizophrenia and a 13-fold increased risk of bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder. Longitudinal analyses showed that individuals first diagnosed with OCD had an increased risk for later diagnosis of all other disorders, and vice versa. The risk of bipolar disorder was reduced, but not eliminated, when the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors was adjusted for. OCD-unaffected first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of probands with OCD had a significantly increased risk for all 3 disorders; the magnitude of this risk decreased as the genetic distance increased. We conclude that OCD is etiologically related to both schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders. The results have implications for current gene-searching efforts and for clinical practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.