ArticleJournal of biological rhythms2015
Impaired circadian photosensitivity in mice lacking glutamate transmission from retinal melanopsin cells.
Article in Journal of biological rhythms, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of drugs that modify the circadian system's phase-shifting responses to light exposure.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Core Circadian Protein BMAL1: Implication for Nervous System Functioning and Its Diseases.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- The physiological functions of OPN5m.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Loss of Bmal1 impairs the glutamatergic light input to the SCN in mice.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Dexmedetomidine accelerates photoentrainment and affects sleep structure through the activation of SCNCommunications biology · 2024Article
- Contribution of the eye and of opn4xa function to circadian photoentrainment in the diurnal zebrafish.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Characterization of theAnimal biotechnology · 2023Article
- Melanopsin-mediated optical entrainment regulates circadian rhythms in vertebrates.Communications biology · 2023Review
- Article
- Comparative Neurology of Circadian Photoreception: The Retinohypothalamic Tract (RHT) in Sighted and Naturally Blind Mammals.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Article
- Current understanding of photophobia, visual networks and headaches.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2019Review
- Neuroprotective Peptides in Retinal Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Impaired Photic Entrainment of Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Mice Overexpressing Human Mutant α-Synuclein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Geniculohypothalamic GABAergic projections gate suprachiasmatic nucleus responses to retinal input.The Journal of physiology · 2017Article
- PAC1- and VPAC2 receptors in light regulated behavior and physiology: Studies in single and double mutant mice.PloS one · 2017Article
- A visual circuit uses complementary mechanisms to support transient and sustained pupil constriction.eLife · 2016Article
- Using light to tell the time of day: sensory coding in the mammalian circadian visual network.The Journal of experimental biology · 2016Review
- Parallel Inhibition of Dopamine Amacrine Cells and Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells in a Non-Image-Forming Visual Circuit of the Mouse Retina.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2015Article
- Synchronization of Biological Clock Neurons by Light and Peripheral Feedback Systems Promotes Circadian Rhythms and Health.Frontiers in neurology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) contain the photopigment melanopsin and convey retinal light inputs to the circadian system via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) projection to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The principal neurotransmitter of this projection is glutamate, and ipRGCs use the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) to package glutamate into synaptic vesicles. However, these neurons contain other potential neurotransmitters, such as pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). To test the role of glutamate in mediating ipRGC light inputs into the SCN, we crossed mice in which Cre-recombinase expression is driven by the melanopsin promotor (Opn4(Cre/+)) with mice in which the second exon of VGLUT2 is flanked by loxP sites (VGLUT2(fl/fl)), producing ipRGCs that are unable to package glutamate into synaptic vesicles. Such mice had free-running circadian rhythms that did not entrain to a 12:12 light-dark (12:12 LD) cycle, nor did they show a phase delay after a 45-min light pulse administered at circadian time (CT) 14. A small subset of the mice did appear to entrain to the 12:12 LD cycle with a positive phase angle to lights-off; a similar entrainment pattern could be achieved in free-running mice if they were exposed to a 12:12 LD cycle with light of a greater intensity. Glutamate transmission from the ipRGCs is necessary for normal light entrainment of the SCN at moderate (0.35 W/m(2)) light levels, but residual transmission (possibly by PACAP in ipRGCs or by other RGCs) can weakly entrain animals, particularly at very high (6.53 W/m(2)) light levels, although it may be less effective at suppressing locomotor activity (light masking).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.