SynthesisBMC public health2014
Educational interventions to improve prescription and dispensing of antibiotics: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 172 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding how veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices influence antibiotic prescription: a systematic review of survey studies.BMC veterinary research · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of educational interventions in improving antimicrobial dispensing by community pharmacists: a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Antimicrobial stewardship interventions in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions to reduce non-prescription antimicrobial sales in community pharmacies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Public target interventions to reduce the inappropriate use of medicines or medical procedures: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2020Pooled it
- Effectiveness of interventions targeting antibiotic use in long-term aged care facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Health Professions Digital Education on Antibiotic Management: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Digital Health Education Collaboration.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Pooled it
- The effect of interventions aiming to optimise the prescription of antibiotics in dental care-A systematic review.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- A prospective cluster randomized trial of an interventions bundle to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections in the outpatient setting.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- The effectiveness of raising Hong Kong parents' awareness of antimicrobial resistance through an education program with peer support on social media: a randomized, controlled pilot study.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Impact of a multifaceted intervention to improve antibiotic prescribing: a pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Trial
- The impact of a prescription review and prescriber feedback system on prescribing practices in primary care clinics: a cluster randomised trial.BMC family practice · 2018Trial
- Effects of primary care antimicrobial stewardship outreach on antibiotic use by general practice staff: pragmatic randomized controlled trial of the TARGET antibiotics workshop.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Trial
- The Effectiveness of Small Group Education on Improving Antibiotic Prescribing in General Practice: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Evaluation of the Medication Never Events and Related Factors: A Nationwide Database Study.Advanced biomedical research · 2026Article
- Trends in primary care antibiotic prescribing during the implementation of national stewardship policies: Türkiye, 2011-2019.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Antibiotic prescribing and antimicrobial resistance awareness among medical students in Lebanon using novel assessment scales.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An evaluation of pre-post antimicrobial stewardship healthcare educational intervention studies utilizing the Kirkpatrick model: a scoping review.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2025Article
- Using learner verification and transcreation to develop multicultural patient education materials for acute respiratory tract infections to decrease inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.PEC innovation · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExcessive and inappropriate antibiotic use contributes to growing antibiotic resistance, an important public-health problem. Strategies must be developed to improve antibiotic-prescribing. Our purpose is to review of educational programs aimed at improving antibiotic-prescribing by physicians and/or antibiotic-dispensing by pharmacists, in both primary-care and hospital settings.
methodsWe conducted a critical systematic search and review of the relevant literature on educational programs aimed at improving antibiotic prescribing and dispensing practice in primary-care and hospital settings, published in January 2001 through December 2011.
resultsWe identified 78 studies for analysis, 47 in primary-care and 31 in hospital settings. The studies differed widely in design but mostly reported positive results. Outcomes measured in the reviewed studies were adherence to guidelines, total of antibiotics prescribed, or both, attitudes and behavior related to antibiotic prescribing and quality of pharmacy practice related to antibiotics. Twenty-nine studies (62%) in primary care and twenty-four (78%) in hospital setting reported positive results for all measured outcomes; fourteen studies (30%) in primary care and six (20%) in hospital setting reported positive results for some outcomes and results that were not statistically influenced by the intervention for others; only four studies in primary care and one study in hospital setting failed to report significant post-intervention improvements for all outcomes. Improvement in adherence to guidelines and decrease of total of antibiotics prescribed, after educational interventions, were observed, respectively, in 46% and 41% of all the reviewed studies. Changes in behaviour related to antibiotic-prescribing and improvement in quality of pharmacy practice was observed, respectively, in four studies and one study respectively.
conclusionThe results show that antibiotic use could be improved by educational interventions, being mostly used multifaceted interventions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.