ReviewFrontiers of medicine2015
Beneficial metabolic activities of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 15 in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Review in Frontiers of medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rejuvenation of Neutrophil Functions in Association With Reduced Diabetes Risk Following Ten Weeks of Low-Volume High Intensity Interval Walking in Older Adults With Prediabetes - A Pilot Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- The systemic myokine response of decorin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) to an acute bout of blood flow restricted exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2018Trial
- Leg fat-to-total fat ratio improves waist-to-height ratio for discriminating metabolic syndrome: a nationwide cross-sectional study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Article
- Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation as a time-efficient intervention on myokine profile and muscular performance in overweight adults: a randomized controlled study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Exploring the neuroprotective potential of ligustrazine: a preclinical meta-analysis and machine learning perspective on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Pathway insights and predictive modeling for type 2 diabetes using polygenic risk scores.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Integrated analysis of shared gene expression signatures and immune microenvironment heterogeneity in type 2 diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The significant role of IL-15, IL-22, IL-37, and caspase 9 in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study in a sample of Iraqi women.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- IL-15 secreted by keratinocytes induces melanogenesis through STAT3/5 signaling pathway in melan-a melanocytes.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- Exploring exercise-driven exerkines: unraveling the regulation of metabolism and inflammation.PeerJ · 2024Review
- Article
- Circulating cytokine profile and modulation of regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis B patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Article
- Research progress of interleukin-15 in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Immunometabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus: tissue-specific interactions.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2023Article
- IL-15 Participates in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Affecting the Activity of Granulosa Cells.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- The Role of Exercise, Diet, and Cytokines in Preventing Obesity and Improving Adipose Tissue.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Upregulation of IL-15 in the placenta alters trophoblasts behavior contributing to gestational diabetes mellitus.Cell & bioscience · 2021Article
- Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferases and Inflammation in Muscle Pathophysiology.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Review
- A focused review of myokines as a potential contributor to muscle hypertrophy from resistance-based exercise.European journal of applied physiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In obesity, chronic inflammation is believed to induce insulin resistance and impairs adipose tissue function. Although this view is supported by a large body of literature, it has been challenged by growing evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines may favor insulin sensitivity through induction of energy expenditure. In this review article, interleukin 15 (IL-15) is used as a new example to explain the beneficial effects of the proinflammatory cytokines. IL-15 is secreted by multiple types of cells including macrophages, neutrophils and skeletal muscle cells. IL-15 expression is induced in immune cells by endotoxin and in muscle cells by physical exercise. Its transcription is induced by transcription factor NF-κB. IL-15 binds to its receptor that contains three different subunits (α, β and γ) to activate JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt, IKK/NF-κB and JNK/AP1 pathways in cells. In the regulation of metabolism, IL-15 reduces weight gain without inhibiting food intake in rodents. IL-15 suppresses lipogenesis, stimulates brown fat function, improves insulin sensitivity through weight loss and energy expenditure. In human, circulating IL-15 is negatively associated with body weight. In the immune system, IL-15 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of T cells, NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils. In the anti-obesity effects of IL-15, T cells and NK cells are not required, but leptin receptor is required. In summary, evidence from human and rodents supports that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-15 may enhance energy expenditure to protect the body from obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IL-15 action remains to be fully uncovered in the regulation of energy expenditure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.