Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25511463›Full record

ArticleBMC complementary and alternative medicine2014

Cranberry proanthocyanidins have anti-biofilm properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Robert K Ulrey, Stephanie M Barksdale, Weidong Zhou, Monique L van Hoek

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Biological Mechanisms of Polyphenols againstInfectious disorders drug targets · 2025
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  4. Mechanism, Efficacy, and Safety of Natural Antibiotics.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
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  9. Article
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  13. Potential Use of Selected Natural Compounds with Anti-Biofilm Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Robert K Ulrey
Stephanie M Barksdale
Weidong Zhou
Monique L van HoekSchool of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA. mvanhoek@gmu.edu.
George Mason University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBacteria within a biofilm are phenotypically more resistant to antibiotics, desiccation, and the host immune system, making it an important virulence factor for many microbes. Cranberry juice has long been used to prevent infections of the urinary tract, which are often related to biofilm formation. Recent studies have found that the A-type proanthocyanidins from cranberries have anti-biofilm properties against Escherichia coli.

methodsUsing crystal violet biofilm staining, resazurin metabolism assays, and confocal imaging, we examined the ability of A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) to disrupt the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We used mass spectrometry to analyze the proteomic effects of PAC treatment. We also performed synergy assays and in vitro and in vivo infections to determine whether PACs, alone and in combination with gentamicin, could contribute to the killing of P. aeruginosa and the survival of cell lines and G. mellonella.

resultsCranberry PACs reduced P. aeruginosa swarming motility. Cranberry PACs significantly disrupted the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. Proteomics analysis revealed significantly different proteins expressed following PAC treatment. In addition, we found that PACs potentiated the antibiotic activity of gentamicin in an in vivo model of infection using G. mellonella.

conclusionsResults suggest that A-type proanthocyanidins may be a useful therapeutic against the biofilm-mediated infections caused by P. aeruginosa and should be further tested.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsBiofilmsFruitMothsPlant ExtractsProanthocyanidinsProteomicsPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas InfectionsVaccinium macrocarponAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsPlant ExtractsProanthocyanidins

Identifiers

PMID25511463
PMCPMC4320558
OpenAlexW2136056564

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.