ArticleBMC pediatrics2014
Early life determinants of low IQ at age 6 in children from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort: a predictive approach.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Head circumference and intelligence, schooling, employment, and income: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of infant stimulation on the adaptation to birth: a randomized trial.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2019Trial
- Early life exposures and school readiness: an observational cohort study using the Born in Bradford longitudinal birth cohort data.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Observational
- Predictors of early child development for screening pregnant women most in need of support in Brazil.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Predicting low cognitive ability at age 5 years using perinatal data and machine learning.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Infant feeding method and special educational need in 191,745 Scottish schoolchildren: A national, population cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Big data, machine learning, and population health: predicting cognitive outcomes in childhood.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- Predicting Low Cognitive Ability at Age 5-Feature Selection Using Machine Learning Methods and Birth Cohort Data.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Differential influences of early growth and social factors on young children's cognitive performance in four low-and-middle-income birth cohorts (Brazil, Guatemala, Philippines, and South Africa).SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Development of a predictive risk model for school readiness at age 3 years using the UK Millennium Cohort Study.BMJ open · 2019Article
- How well can poor child health and development be predicted by data collected in early childhood?Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2018Article
- Intellectual Functioning in Children with Congenital Heart Defects Treated with Surgery or by Catheter Interventions.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildhood intelligence is an important determinant of health outcomes in adulthood. The first years of life are critical to child development. This study aimed to identify early life (perinatal and during the first year of life) predictors of low cognitive performance at age 6.
methodsA birth cohort study started in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil, in 2004 and children were followed from birth to age six. Information on a broad set of biological and social predictors was collected. Cognitive ability-the study outcome-was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). IQ scores were standardized into z-scores and low IQ defined as z < -1. We applied bootstrapping methods for internal validation with a multivariate logistic regression model and carried out external validation using a second study from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort.
resultsThe proportion of children with IQ z-score < -1 was 16.9% (95% CI 15.6-18.1). The final model included the following early life variables: child's gender; parents' skin color; number of siblings; father's and mother's employment status; household income; maternal education; number of persons per room; duration of breastfeeding; height-for-age deficit; head circumference-for-age deficit; parental smoking during pregnancy; and maternal perception of the child's health status. The area under the ROC curve for our final model was 0.8, with sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 74%. Similar results were found when testing external validation by using data from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort.
conclusionsThe study results suggest that a child's and her/his family's social conditions are strong predictors of cognitive ability in childhood. Interventions for promoting a healthy early childhood development are needed targeting children at risk of low IQ so that they can reach their full cognitive potential.
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