ArticlePharmacology research & perspectives2014
Detection of morphine-3-sulfate and morphine-6-sulfate in human urine and plasma, and formation in liver cytosol.
Article in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, and Morphine Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interactions.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2023Review
- Synthesis and Modification of Morphine and Codeine, Leading to Diverse Libraries with Improved Pain Relief Properties.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Heroin and its metabolites: relevance to heroin use disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2023Review
- Advances in the Physicochemical Profiling of Opioid Compounds of Therapeutic Interest.ChemistryOpen · 2019Review
- Effects of human SULT1A3/SULT1A4 genetic polymorphisms on the sulfation of acetaminophen and opioid drugs by the cytosolic sulfotransferase SULT1A3.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 2018Article
- Time-dependent postmortem redistribution of morphine and its metabolites in blood and alternative matrices-application of CT-guided biopsy sampling.International journal of legal medicine · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Morphine is still the mainstay in treatment of severe pain and is metabolized in the liver mainly by glucuronidation, partly to the pharmacologically active morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). The sulfation pathway has attracted much less attention but may also form active metabolites. The aim of the present study was to study two sulfate metabolites of morphine in humans. Urine and plasma from newborns, adult heroin addicts, and terminal cancer patients was analyzed for the presence of morphine-3-sulfate (M3S) and morphine-6-sulfate (M6S) by a new liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. In addition, morphine sulfation was studied in vitro in human liver cytosol preparations. M3S was present in urine and plasma from all study groups although at lower concentrations than morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G). The plasma M3S/M3G ratio was 30 times higher in newborns than in adults indicating that the relative sulfation is more important at early stage of life. M6S was measurable in only one plasma sample from a newborn patient, and in one of the urine sample from the drug testing group. The incubation of morphine with liver cytosol extracts resulted in approximately equal rate of formation of both M3S and M6S. In conclusion, sulfation of morphine is catalyzed in human liver but this minor metabolic pathway probably lacks clinical significance. The M6S metabolite is formed at a low rate, making it undetectable in most individuals.
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