ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2014
Mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: acquired and intrinsic resistance in bacteria.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 764 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
764 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,349 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial resistance crisis: could artificial intelligence be the solution?Military Medical Research · 2024Pooled it
- Disruption ofVirulence · 2026Article
- Rapid profiling of polymyxin B susceptibility in Gram-negative bacteria with a novel polymyxin-derived fluorescent probe.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Animal-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides: Emerging Therapeutic Strategies against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Combinatorial action of regulatory systems generates colistin heteroresistance.Science advances · 2026Article
- Transposon insertion sequencing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa identifies multiple intersecting pathways essential for extreme colistin resistance.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Identification ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Acquired mutations in transcriptional regulatorAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Mapping the resistance landscape: A large-scale study of polymyxin-resistant pathogens circulating in low-and middle-income countries.Research square · 2026Article
- Overview of Colistin Resistance in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Metacycloprodigiosin produced by a high-yieldOrganic & biomolecular chemistry · 2026Article
- Novel polymyxin resistance gene family mcr-12 from environmental Pigmentiphaga litoralis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Convergent evolution of ST2 and ST164 mediates dissemination of the blaAnnals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2026Article
- Experimental evolution under colistin selection increases colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) without detectable collateral MIC shifts in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- First comprehensive whole genome sequencing report of a multidrug-resistantNew microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Prevalence and molecular characterization of colistin-resistant gram-negative bacteria from a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Molecular analysis of polymyxin B resistance in clinical carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a large tertiary care teaching hospital in Southwest China.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Rapid Adaptive Evolution under Combination Therapy inACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Chromosomal Mechanisms of Colistin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Carbapenem-ResistantInfectious disease reports · 2026Article
704 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polymyxins are polycationic antimicrobial peptides that are currently the last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative bacterial infections. The reintroduction of polymyxins for antimicrobial therapy has been followed by an increase in reports of resistance among Gram-negative bacteria. Some bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, develop resistance to polymyxins in a process referred to as acquired resistance, whereas other bacteria, such as Proteus spp., Serratia spp., and Burkholderia spp., are naturally resistant to these drugs. Reports of polymyxin resistance in clinical isolates have recently increased, including acquired and intrinsically resistant pathogens. This increase is considered a serious issue, prompting concern due to the low number of currently available effective antibiotics. This review summarizes current knowledge concerning the different strategies bacteria employ to resist the activities of polymyxins. Gram-negative bacteria employ several strategies to protect themselves from polymyxin antibiotics (polymyxin B and colistin), including a variety of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modifications, such as modifications of lipid A with phosphoethanolamine and 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose, in addition to the use of efflux pumps, the formation of capsules and overexpression of the outer membrane protein OprH, which are all effectively regulated at the molecular level. The increased understanding of these mechanisms is extremely vital and timely to facilitate studies of antimicrobial peptides and find new potential drugs targeting clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.