Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25504828›Full record

ArticleNMR in biomedicine2015

A combined analytical solution for chemical exchange saturation transfer and semi-solid magnetization transfer.

Moritz Zaiss, Zhongliang Zu, Junzhong Xu, Patrick Schuenke, Daniel F Gochberg, John C Gore, Mark E Ladd, Peter Bachert

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NMR in biomedicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Effective Modeling of Continuous WaveMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
    Article
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  7. Elucidating the Stereodirecting Effect of C-4 Acyl Groups on Galactosyl Donors.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Inverting CEST orMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Moritz ZaissDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany.
Zhongliang Zu
Junzhong Xu
Patrick Schuenke
Daniel F Gochberg
John C Gore
Mark E Ladd
Peter Bachert

Funding

CERT Imaging of CancerR01CA184693 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GOCHBERG, DANIEL F · 2014 to 2018
$1.6M
CERT Imaging of MuscleR01EB017767 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GOCHBERG, DANIEL F · 2014 to 2017
$1.4M
NCI NIH HHS 1R01CA184693NCI NIH HHS R01 CA184693NIBIB NIH HHS 1R01EB017767NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB017767
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Off-resonant RF irradiation in tissue indirectly lowers the water signal by saturation transfer processes: on the one hand, there are selective chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects originating from exchanging endogenous protons resonating a few parts per million from water; on the other hand, there is the broad semi-solid magnetization transfer (MT) originating from immobile protons associated with the tissue matrix with kilohertz linewidths. Recently it was shown that endogenous CEST contrasts can be strongly affected by the MT background, so corrections are needed to derive accurate estimates of CEST effects. Herein we show that a full analytical solution of the underlying Bloch-McConnell equations for both MT and CEST provides insights into their interaction and suggests a simple means to isolate their effects. The presented analytical solution, based on the eigenspace solution of the Bloch-McConnell equations, extends previous treatments by allowing arbitrary lineshapes for the semi-solid MT effects and simultaneously describing multiple CEST pools in the presence of a large MT pool for arbitrary irradiation. The structure of the model indicates that semi-solid MT and CEST effects basically add up inversely in determining the steady-state Z-spectrum, as previously shown for direct saturation and CEST effects. Implications for existing previous CEST analyses in the presence of a semi-solid MT are studied and discussed. It turns out that, to accurately quantify CEST contrast, a good reference Z-value, the observed longitudinal relaxation rate of water, and the semi-solid MT pool size fraction must all be known.

Indexed as

Magnetic PhenomenaAnimalsCattleComputer SimulationCreatineMagnetic Resonance ImagingModels, TheoreticalPhantoms, ImagingProtonsSerum Albumin, BovineWaterCreatineProtonsSerum Albumin, BovineWaterCESTchemical exchange saturation transfercreatinemagnetization transferMTspillover effectspinlock

Identifiers

PMID25504828
PMCPMC4297271

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.