Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25504733›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2014

Convergent transcriptional specializations in the brains of humans and song-learning birds.

Andreas R Pfenning, Erina Hara, Osceola Whitney, Miriam V Rivas, Rui Wang, Petra L Roulhac, Jason T Howard, Morgan Wirthlin, Peter V Lovell, Ganeshkumar Ganapathy and 15 more

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 215 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
215citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
36.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

215 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 480 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. The genetic foundations of convergent traits.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Gene regulatory co-option drives birdsong neural circuit specialization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Sharp Waves, Bursts, and Coherence: Activity in a Songbird Vocal Circuit Is Influenced by Behavioral State.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

155 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Andreas R PfenningDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. apfenning@csail.mit.edu amink@cs.duke.edu jarvis@neuro.duke.edu.
Erina HaraDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Osceola WhitneyDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Miriam V RivasDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Rui WangDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Petra L RoulhacDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Jason T HowardDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Morgan WirthlinDepartment of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Peter V LovellDepartment of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Ganeshkumar GanapathyDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Jacquelyn MouncastleDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
M Arthur MoseleyDuke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
J Will ThompsonDuke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Erik J SoderblomDuke Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Atsushi IrikiLaboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Masaki KatoLaboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
M Thomas P GilbertCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. Trace and Environmental DNA Laboratory, Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
Guojie ZhangChina National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Trygve BakkenAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.
Angie BongaartsAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.
Amy BernardAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.
Ed LeinAllen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.
Claudio V MelloDepartment of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Alexander J HarteminkDepartment of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. apfenning@csail.mit.edu amink@cs.duke.edu jarvis@neuro.duke.edu.
Erich D JarvisDepartment of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. apfenning@csail.mit.edu amink@cs.duke.edu jarvis@neuro.duke.edu.
Allen Institute for Brain Science · USOregon Health & Science University · USRIKEN Center for Brain Science · JPUniversity of Copenhagen · DKAllen Institute · USDuke University · US

Funding

NIH Director's Pioneer Award (RMI)DP1OD000448 · OD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI JARVIS, ERICH D · 2005 to 2009
$3.8M
Sensory- and motor-driven genes in vocal communicationR01DC007218 · NIDCD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI JARVIS, ERICH D · 2005 to 2009
$1.6M
A Gene Expression Brain Atlas of the Zebra Finch.R24GM092842 · NIGMS · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI MELLO, CLAUDIO V · 2010 to 2013
$1.5M
Auditory Protein Regulation in Normal & Abnormal StatesR21DC007478 · NIDCD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI JARVIS, ERICH D · 2006 to 2007
$423k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC007218NIDCD NIH HHS R01DC007218NIDCD NIH HHS R21 DC007478NIGMS NIH HHS R24 GM092842NIGMS NIH HHS R24GM092842NIH HHS DP1 OD000448
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Song-learning birds and humans share independently evolved similarities in brain pathways for vocal learning that are essential for song and speech and are not found in most other species. Comparisons of brain transcriptomes of song-learning birds and humans relative to vocal nonlearners identified convergent gene expression specializations in specific song and speech brain regions of avian vocal learners and humans. The strongest shared profiles relate bird motor and striatal song-learning nuclei, respectively, with human laryngeal motor cortex and parts of the striatum that control speech production and learning. Most of the associated genes function in motor control and brain connectivity. Thus, convergent behavior and neural connectivity for a complex trait are associated with convergent specialized expression of multiple genes.

Indexed as

Gene Expression RegulationLearningSpeechTranscriptomeVocalization, AnimalAdultAnimalsBirdsBrainBrain MappingCorpus StriatumEvolution, MolecularFinchesHumansMaleMotor Cortex

Identifiers

PMID25504733
PMCPMC4385736
OpenAlexW2052801529

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.