ReviewPediatric radiology2014
The eye in child abuse: key points on retinal hemorrhages and abusive head trauma.
Review in Pediatric radiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric fatal head and neck injury in a 9-year medical examiner case series: autopsy findings and cervical spine dissection techniques.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Performance and Yield of Retinal Examinations in Cases of Suspected Physical Abuse Without Intracranial Injury.Pediatric emergency care · 2026Article
- Evaluating a novel MR imaging biomarker for retinal hemorrhage.Pediatric radiology · 2025Article
- Child Maltreatment Evaluations Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests.Academic pediatrics · 2025Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Intentional Head Trauma in Infants: A Comprehensive Follow-Up of Medical, Developmental, Psychological, and Legal Perspectives.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Traumatic disruption of dura at suture lines: a consistent finding in non-accidental head injury?Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2023Article
- New Insights into the Diagnosis and Age Determination of Retinal Hemorrhages from Abusive Head Trauma: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- MR Protocols for Paediatric Neurosurgical Common Conditions: An Update Guide for Neurosurgeons.Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2023Article
- Is external hydrocephalus a possible differential diagnosis when child abuse is suspected?Acta neurochirurgica · 2022Article
- Neuroimaging of retinal hemorrhage utilizing adjunct orbital susceptibility-weighted imaging.Pediatric radiology · 2021Review
- Susceptibility-weighted imaging of retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma.Pediatric radiology · 2019Article
- Shaken baby syndrome is real.Pediatric radiology · 2018Article
- Imaging of Abusive Trauma.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2016Review
- The Anesthesiologist's Role in Treating Abusive Head Trauma.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2016Review
- Diffuse bilateral retinal hemorrhages in an infant with a coagulopathy and prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus · 2016Article
- Venous injury in abusive head trauma.Pediatric radiology · 2015Article
- Ocular findings in the evaluation of abusive head trauma in children.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review presents an up-to-date overview of ocular injuries resulting from child abuse, with a spotlight on abusive head trauma. Retinal hemorrhage is a principle finding of inflicted head trauma. The specific pattern of hemorrhages holds valuable diagnostic information, which can help to guide multidisciplinary assessments of the likelihood of abuse. Indirect ophthalmoscopy through dilated pupils by an ophthalmologist is necessary for adequate examination and documentation of retinal findings. Initial pediatrician evaluation of the eye and indications for ophthalmological consultation are reviewed. Focus is then placed upon understanding retinal hemorrhage patterns, their diagnostic significance and likely pathophysiological mechanisms. The differential diagnosis of retinal hemorrhage in young children is discussed, highlighting key distinctions among retinal hemorrhage patterns, severity and frequencies, as well as other ocular findings. The most common cause of retinal hemorrhage in an infant is trauma, and most other causes can be identified by considering the hemorrhage pattern, ocular or systemic signs and the results of laboratory and imaging tests, when indicated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.