ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
Complex population structure of Borrelia burgdorferi in southeastern and south central Canada as revealed by phylogeographic analysis.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Letter regarding unravelling the genomic landscape of CanadianMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Reply to the letter regarding 'Unravelling the genomic landscape of CanadianMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Genetic landscape of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in Canada: a study of genetic diversity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Whole-genome sequencing of Western CanadianMicrobial genomics · 2024Article
- Variation among strains of Borrelia burgdorferi in host tissue abundance and lifetime transmission determine the population strain structure in nature.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Isolation and multilocus sequence typing of Borrelia burgdorferi from Ixodes scapularis collected from dogs in Ontario, Canada.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- The Population Structure ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Performance of a Modified Two-Tiered Testing Enzyme Immunoassay Algorithm for Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease in Nova Scotia.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2020Article
- Modified two-tiered testing algorithm for Lyme disease serology: the Canadian context.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2020Review
- What is the real number of Lyme disease cases in Canada?BMC public health · 2019Article
- Article
- Genotyping and Quantifying Lyme Pathogen Strains by Deep Sequencing of the Outer Surface Protein C (Journal of clinical microbiology · 2018Article
- Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of strains of the agent of Lyme disease Borrelia burgdorferi from Canadian emergence zones.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of Borrelia miyamotoi in Host-Seeking Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) Nymphs in Mendocino County, California.Journal of medical entomology · 2018Article
- Genomic insights into the ancient spread of Lyme disease across North America.Nature ecology & evolution · 2017Article
- Antibody responses to Borrelia burgdorferi detected by western blot vary geographically in Canada.PloS one · 2017Article
- Trans-Atlantic exchanges have shaped the population structure of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Article
- Evolutionary aspects of emerging Lyme disease in Canada.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, is an emerging zoonotic disease in Canada and is vectored by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis. Here we used Bayesian analyses of sequence types (STs), determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), to investigate the phylogeography of B. burgdorferi populations in southern Canada and the United States by analyzing MLST data from 564 B. burgdorferi-positive samples collected during surveillance. A total of 107 Canadian samples from field sites were characterized as part of this study, and these data were combined with existing MLST data for samples from the United States and Canada. Only 17% of STs were common between both countries, while 49% occurred only in the United States, and 34% occurred only in Canada. However, STs in southeastern Ontario and southwestern Quebec were typically identical to those in the northeastern United States, suggesting a recent introduction into this region from the United States. In contrast, STs in other locations in Canada (the Maritimes; Long Point, Ontario; and southeastern Manitoba) were frequently unique to those locations but were putative descendants of STs previously found in the United States. The picture in Canada is consistent with relatively recent introductions from multiple refugial populations in the United States. These data thus point to a geographic pattern of populations of B. burgdorferi in North America that may be more complex than simply comprising northeastern, midwestern, and Californian groups. We speculate that this reflects the complex ecology and spatial distribution of key reservoir hosts.
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