ArticleJournal of the International AIDS Society2014
Incidence and mortality of tuberculosis before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: an HIV cohort study in India.
Article in Journal of the International AIDS Society, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02454569 (Vicente Ferrer HIV Cohort Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Vicente Ferrer HIV Cohort Study
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tuberculosis and its association with CD4BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- The protective effect of isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis incidence among HIV positive patients receiving ART in Ethiopian settings: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Adherence interventions and outcomes of tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of trials and observational studies.PLoS medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Cause of death in people living with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy after enrolling to the Thai National AIDS Program from 2008 to 2021.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Incidence and factors associated with active tuberculosis among people living with HIV after long-term antiretroviral therapy in Thailand: a competing risk model.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Incidence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected adults on first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in India.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
- Assessing the Impact of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) on Tuberculosis Incidence and Predictors of Tuberculosis among Adult Patients Enrolled on ART in Nekemte Town, Western Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for People With HIV Who Are Heavy Alcohol Drinkers in High TB-/HIV-Burden Countries: A Risk-Benefit Analysis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Estimating the future burden of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in India, the Philippines, Russia, and South Africa: a mathematical modelling study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Frequent HIV Testing: Impact on HIV Risk Among Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
- Article
- Getting to 90-90-90 in paediatric HIV: What is needed?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- Patching the gaps towards the 90-90-90 targets: outcomes of Nigerian children receiving antiretroviral treatment who are co-infected with tuberculosis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015Article
- Optimal Duration of Daily Antituberculosis Therapy before Switching to DOTS Intermittent Therapy to Reduce Mortality in HIV Infected Patients: A Duration-Response Analysis Using Restricted Cubic Splines.International scholarly research notices · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIndia has the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, but the epidemiology of HIV-associated TB is not well known.
methodsWe describe the incidence and the mortality of TB from HIV diagnosis to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation (pre-ART group) and after ART initiation (on-ART group) in an HIV cohort study in Anantapur, India. Multivariable analysis of factors associated with TB was performed using competing risk regression and restricted cubic spline methods.
resultsA total of 4590 patients and 3133 person-years (py) of follow-up were included in the pre-ART group, and 3784 patients and 4756 py were included in the on-ART group. In the pre-ART group, the incidence of TB was high during the first month after HIV diagnosis and dropped nearly four times soon after. In the on-ART group, the incidence of TB increased after ART initiation reaching a peak in the third month. The probability of having TB within 30 months was 22.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 21.1-23.6) in the pre-ART group and 17.8% (95% CI, 16.3-19.3) in the on-ART group. In a multivariable analysis, women had a lower risk of TB in both groups. Poor socio-economical conditions were associated with an increased risk of TB in the pre-ART group, but not in the group on-ART. While the association between low CD4 counts and TB was strong in the pre-ART group, this association was weaker in the on-ART group, and the highest risk of TB was seen in those patients with CD4 counts around 110 cells/mm3. The cumulative incidence of mortality at 12 months in patients with TB was 29.6% (95% CI, 26.9-32.6) in pre-ART TB and 34.9% (95% CI, 31-39.1) in on-ART TB. Half deaths before ART initiation and two thirds of deaths after ART initiation occurred in patients with TB.
conclusionsThe high incidence and mortality of TB seen in this study underscore the urgent need to improve the prevention and diagnosis of HIV-associated TB in India. We found substantial differences between TB before and after ART initiation.
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