ArticleJournal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus2014
Disparity-driven vs blur-driven models of accommodation and convergence in binocular vision and intermittent strabismus.
Article in Journal of AAPOS : the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Measurement and Clinical Implications of the CA/C Ratio in Binocular Vision: A Literature Review.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2026Review
- The Interaction between Vergence and Accommodation Cues in the Assessment of Fusional Vergence Range.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Objective assessment of eye alignment and disparity-driven vergence in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- When virtual and real worlds coexist: Visualization and visual system affect spatial performance in augmented reality.Journal of vision · 2021Article
- Comparisons of proximal vergence measures.Vision development and rehabilitation · 2020Article
- The Importance of the Interaction Between Ocular Motor Function and Vision During Human Infancy.Annual review of vision science · 2019Review
- Calibration of the PlusOptix PowerRef 3 with change in viewing distance, adult age and refractive error.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2019Article
- Convergence, Accommodation, Fusion, and Stereopsis: What Keeps the Eyes Aligned in Intermittent Exotropia?Scientifica · 2018Article
- Article
- Determining the relative contribution of retinal disparity and blur cues to ocular accommodation in Down syndrome.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo propose an alternative and practical model to conceptualize clinical patterns of concomitant intermittent strabismus, heterophoria, and convergence and accommodation anomalies.
methodsDespite identical ratios, there can be a disparity- or blur-biased "style" in three hypothetical scenarios: normal; high ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) and low ratio of convergence accommodation to convergence (CA/C); low AC/A and high CA/C. We calculated disparity bias indices (DBI) to reflect these biases and provide early objective data from small illustrative clinical groups that fit these styles.
resultsNormal adults (n = 56) and children (n = 24) showed disparity bias (adult DBI 0.43 [95% CI, 0.50-0.36], child DBI 0.20 [95% CI, 0.31-0.07]; P = 0.001). Accommodative esotropia (n = 3) showed less disparity-bias (DBI 0.03). In the high AC/A-low CA/C scenario, early presbyopia (n = 22) showed mean DBI of 0.17 (95% CI, 0.28-0.06), compared to DBI of -0.31 in convergence excess esotropia (n=8). In the low AC/A-high CA/C scenario near exotropia (n = 17) showed mean DBI of 0.27. DBI ranged between 1.25 and -1.67.
conclusionsEstablishing disparity or blur bias adds to AC/A and CA/C ratios to explain clinical patterns. Excessive bias or inflexibility in near-cue use increases risk of clinical problems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.