ArticleTranslational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine2015
Effects of dietary salt levels on monocytic cells and immune responses in healthy human subjects: a longitudinal study.
Article in Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 162 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Sodium Intake Induce Systemic Inflammatory Response? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies in HumansNutrients · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Impact of Dietary Sodium on Autoimmunity and Inflammation Related to Multiple Sclerosis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2019Pooled it
- Effects of altered salt intake and diet on cytokines in humans: A 20-week randomized cross-over intervention study.European journal of immunology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Multiple 24-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretions and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Mechanisms Underlying Neutrophil Activation Induced by High Salt.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- From high-salt diet to cancer immunity: gut microbiota and immune system interactions and their mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Effect of Nutritional Ingredients on Disease Activation in Psoriatic Arthritis.Archives of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Dietary salt intake worsens the Th17-dependent inflammatory profile of patients with cirrhosis.JCI insight · 2025Article
- The Role of Peritoneal Interleukin-6 in Predicting Patient Survival on Peritoneal Dialysis.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Joint effects of air pollution and diet patterns on the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Important Role of Gut Microbiota and Diet in Multiple Sclerosis.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- The gut-heart axis: unveiling the roles of gut microbiota in cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Sodium Intake and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Predominantly Low-Income Black and White US Residents.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Trained Innate Immunity in Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Involvement of CCL2 in Salivary Gland Response to Hyperosmolar Stress Related to Sjögren's Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Lack of Association Between Sodium Intake and Cytokine Levels.Integrated blood pressure control · 2024Article
- Salt Behind the Scenes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- A high-salt diet promotes atherosclerosis by altering haematopoiesis.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2023Article
- A decision support system based on artificial intelligence and systems biology for the simulation of pancreatic cancer patient status.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2023Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicated that excess salt consumption can impose risks on human health and a reduction in daily salt intake from the current average of approximately 12 g/d to 5-6 g/d was suggested by public health authorities. The studies on mice have revealed that sodium chloride plays a role in the modulation of the immune system and a high-salt diet can promote tissue inflammation and autoimmune disease. However, translational evidence of dietary salt on human immunity is scarce. We used an experimental approach of fixing salt intake of healthy human subjects at 12, 9, and 6 g/d for months and examined the relationship between salt-intake levels and changes in the immune system. Blood samples were taken from the end point of each salt intake period. Immune phenotype changes were monitored through peripheral leukocyte phenotype analysis. We assessed immune function changes through the characterization of cytokine profiles in response to mitogen stimulation. The results showed that subjects on the high-salt diet of 12 g/d displayed a significantly higher number of immune cell monocytes compared with the same subjects on a lower-salt diet, and correlation test revealed a strong positive association between salt-intake levels and monocyte numbers. The decrease in salt intake was accompanied by reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-23, along with enhanced producing ability of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. These results suggest that in healthy humans high-salt diet has a potential to bring about excessive immune response, which can be damaging to immune homeostasis, and a reduction in habitual dietary salt intake may induce potentially beneficial immune alterations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.