ArticleBMC complementary and alternative medicine2014
Propolis--based chitosan varnish: drug delivery, controlled release and antimicrobial activity against oral pathogen bacteria.
Article in BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of propolis-modified glass ionomer cement on antimicrobial activity and physico-mechanical properties: a systematic review.Odontology · 2026Pooled it
- Investigating the effect of propolis-containing chewing gum in comparison with propolis-containing mouthwash on reducing gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- Article
- pH-responsive ion release kinetics of a chitosan-based hydrogel incorporating nanohydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride for enamel remineralization.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Advanced Propolis Delivery: Strategies for Improved Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy.ACS omega · 2026Review
- Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and microshear bond strength of an experimental adhesive system containing chitosan-based silver oxide particles.Odontology · 2026Article
- Combining Advanced Therapies with Alternative Treatments: A New Approach to Managing Antimicrobial Resistance?Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Enhancing the shelf life of natural scale inhibitors using bio preservatives.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ultrasound-assisted green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles with different solution pH for water treatment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Propolis mouthwashes efficacy in managing gingivitis and periodontitis: a systematic review of the latest findings.BDJ open · 2025Article
- Toxicity Assessment of Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles on Crop Seeds and Zebrafish Embryos: Implications for Agricultural and Aquatic Ecosystems.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Oral Films Printed with Green Propolis Ethanolic Extract.Polymers · 2024Article
- Encapsulation of propolis extracted with methylal in the chitosan nanoparticles and its antibacterial and cell cytotoxicity studies.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activity of Experimental Composites Containing Chitosan-Silver Oxide Particles Against Two Main Pathogenic Bacteria in Periodontal Disease.Protein and peptide letters · 2024Article
- Development, Physicochemical Properties, and Antibacterial Activity of Propolis Microcapsules.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Propolis Controlled Delivery Systems for Oral Therapeutics in Dental Medicine: A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2023Review
- Microencapsulation of Propolis and Honey Using Mixtures of Maltodextrin/Tara Gum and Modified Native Potato Starch/Tara Gum.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Development of Cork Biocomposites Enriched with Chitosan Targeting Antibacterial and Antifouling Properties.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Preparation and evaluation of a polycaprolactone/chitosan/propolis fibrous nanocomposite scaffold as a tissue engineering skin substitute.BioImpacts : BI · 2023Article
- Obtaining and Characterizing Andean Multi-Floral Propolis Nanoencapsulates in Polymeric Matrices.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDental caries is the most prevalent oral disease in several Asian and Latin American countries. It is an infectious disease and different types of bacteria are involved in the process. Synthetic antimicrobials are used against this disease; however, many of these substances cause unwarranted undesirable effects like vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Propolis, a resinous substance collected by honeybees, has been used to control the oral microbiota. So, the objective of this study was to develop and characterize sustained-release propolis-based chitosan varnish useful on dental cariogenic biofilm prevention, besides the in vitro antimicrobial activity.
methodsThree formulations of propolis - based chitosan varnish (PCV) containing different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) were produced by dissolution of propolis with chitosan on hydro-alcoholic vehicle. Bovine teeth were used for testing adhesion of coatings and to observe the controlled release of propolis associated with varnish. It was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, casting time, diffusion test in vitro antimicrobial activity and controlled release. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were tested for the main microorganisms involved in the cariogenic biofilm through the microdilution test in 96-well plates.
resultsThe formulations presented a tooth surface adherence and were able to form films very fast on bovine tooth surface. Also, propolis-based chitosan varnishes have shown antimicrobial activity similar to or better than chlorhexidine varnish against all oral pathogen bacteria. All microorganisms were sensitive to propolis varnish and chitosan. MIC and MBC for microorganisms of cariogenic biofilme showed better results than chlorhexidine. Propolis active components were released for more than one week.
conclusionAll developed formulations turn them, 5%, 10% and 15% propolis content varnish, into products suitable for clinical application on dental caries prevention field, deserving clinical studies to confirm its in vivo activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.