SynthesisBMC public health2014
The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03529630 (Breastfeeding Success With the Use of the WHO Syringe Technique for Management of Inverted Nipples in Lactating Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 336 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Breastfeeding Success With the Use of the WHO Syringe Technique for Management of Inverted Nipples in Lactating Women: a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
336 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Human Milk Feeding in Inherited Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review of Growth, Metabolic Control, and Neurodevelopment Outcomes.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Integrative Review of Mental Health and Feeding Styles in Parents of Bottle-Fed Infants.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2023Pooled it
- Breastfeeding Affects Concentration of Faecal Short Chain Fatty Acids During the First Year of Life: Results of the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Diet, adiposity, and the gut microbiota from infancy to adolescence: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of breastfeeding interventions among United States minority women on breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of Mobile Health Technology on Weight Control in Adolescents and Preteens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Anthropometry and Body Composition in Childhood: Follow-Up of a Randomised, Double-Blinded Controlled Trial With a Modified, Low-Protein Infant Formula During Infancy.Pediatric obesity · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of a new breastfeeding counselling intervention on breastfeeding prevalence, infant growth velocity and postpartum weight loss in overweight women: a randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Trial
- Formula with large, milk phospholipid-coated lipid droplets in late-moderate preterm infants: a double-blind RCT.Pediatric research · 2025Trial
- Associations between Perinatal Sleepiness and Breastfeeding Intentions and Attitudes and Infant Feeding Behaviors and Beliefs.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- The inverted syringe technique for management of inverted nipples in breastfeeding women: a pilot randomized controlled trial.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Trial
- Differential methylation at novel putative imprinting control regions on chromosome 20 associated with childhood obesity.Epigenetics · 2026Article
- Metabolic health conditions in pregnancy, human milk hormone concentrations, and infant adiposity.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Prevalence, duration and factors associated with breastfeeding in French Guiana in 2024.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- A multiomic investigation of human milk-derived extracellular vesicles in perinatal HIV and antiretroviral therapy exposure.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Observational
- The effect of exclusive breastfeeding levels for the first 6 months on the prevalence of overweight in children under 5 years of age.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Evaluation from Birth to Adolescence of Soy Protein-Based Infant Formula Compared with Cow Milk-Based Formula and Breastfeeding: A Comprehensive Summary of Findings.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Infant growth and breastfeeding patterns: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026Article
- Cumulative breastfeeding duration and incidence of diabetes in the multiethnic cohort study.Global perspectives on nutrition · 2026Article
276 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe increase in childhood obesity is a serious public health concern. Several studies have indicated that breastfed children have a lower risk of childhood obesity than those who were not breastfed, while other studies have provided conflicting evidence. The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the association between breastfeeding and the risk of childhood obesity.
methodsThe PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL Plus with Full Text databases were systematically searched from start date to 1st August 2014. Based on the meta-analysis, pooled adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. I2 statistic was used to evaluate the between-study heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Fail-safe N were used to assess publication bias and reliability of results, and results from both Egger test and Begg test were reported.
resultsTwenty-five studies with a total of 226,508 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The studies' publication dates ranged from 1997 to 2014, and they examined the population of 12 countries. Results showed that breastfeeding was associated with a significantly reduced risk of obesity in children (AOR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.81). Categorical analysis of 17 studies revealed a dose-response effect between breastfeeding duration and reduced risk of childhood obesity.
conclusionResults of our meta-analysis suggest that breastfeeding is a significant protective factor against obesity in children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.