ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2014
Gender differences in outcomes of patients with cystic fibrosis.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sex-dimorphic gene regulation in murine macrophages across niches.Immunology and cell biology · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in people with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Antibiotics in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Review of Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2021Pooled it
- Sildenafil improves vascular endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2018Trial
- Cystic Fibrosis Mortality Trends 1999-2024-A CDC Wonder Study.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- How Does Biological Sex Impact Mucosal Bacterial Infection? Mucosal Defenses and Bacterial Detection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Lung Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Prioritising cardiopulmonary exercise testing for adults with cystic fibrosis: a service evaluation.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of urban PM2.5 on primary sinonasal epithelial cells in individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2026Article
- Natural and synthetic chemicals acting as enhancers of bacterial pathogenic success within the human host.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sex-related disparities in cystic fibrosis healthcare utilization and outcomes: A population study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Greater disease severity in adults with paediatric-onsetThe European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Exploring reduced pulmonary exacerbation rates in cystic fibrosis: a pandemic or modulator effect?ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Evolution and Prognostic Variables of Cystic Fibrosis in Children and Young Adults: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Addressing Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Models of Lung Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Peripubertal lung growth pattern in Japanese school children.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in cystic fibrosis in the era of highly effective modulator treatment.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Disparities and therapeutic advances in cystic fibrosis.Pediatric pulmonology · 2024Review
- Sex Differences in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and its Impact on Exacerbations.Mycopathologia · 2024Article
- Sex differences in airway disease: estrogen and airway surface liquid dynamics.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a common life-shortening genetic disease in which women have been described to have worse outcomes than males, particularly in response to respiratory infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, as advancements in therapies have improved life expectancy, this gender disparity has been challenged. The objective of this study is to examine whether a gender-based survival difference still exists in this population and determine the impact of common CF respiratory infections on outcomes in males versus females with CF.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 32,766 patients from the United States Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry over a 13-year period. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare overall mortality and pathogen based survival rates in males and females.
resultsFemales demonstrated a decreased median life expectancy (36.0 years; 95% confidence interval [CI] 35.0-37.3) compared with men (38.7 years; 95% CI 37.8-39.6; p<0.001). Female gender proved to be a significant risk factor for death (hazard ratio 2.22, 95% CI 1.79-2.77), despite accounting for variables known to influence CF mortality. Women were also found to become colonized earlier with several bacteria and to have worse outcomes with common CF pathogens.
conclusionsCF women continue to have a shortened life expectancy relative to men despite accounting for key CF-related comorbidities. Women also become colonized with certain common CF pathogens earlier than men and show a decreased life expectancy in the setting of respiratory infections. Explanations for this gender disparity are only beginning to be unraveled and further investigation into mechanisms is needed to help develop therapies that may narrow this gender gap.
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