ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2014
Racial and ethnic disparities among enrollees in Medicare Advantage plans.
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alzheimer's Association clinical practice guideline for the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling, and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD-ADRD): Executive summary of recommendations for primary care.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Guideline
- Conceptualising paediatric health disparities: a metanarrative systematic review and unified conceptual framework.BMJ open · 2017Pooled it
- Gaps in Hypertension Guidelines in Low- and Middle-Income Versus High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2016Pooled it
- 2014 Hypertension Guideline: Recommendation for a Change in Goal Systolic Blood Pressure.The Permanente journal · 2015Guideline
- Genetic Testing for APOL1 in Adults With Hypertension: The GUARDD-US Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Racial disparities in multiple sclerosis quality of care metrics.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Medication Adherence Among Medicare Advantage Enrollees With Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Medicare Insurance Type and Broad Genomic Profiling in Metastatic Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Medicare Advantage Networks Include Few Black Or Hispanic Physicians, Making Concordant Care Inaccessible For Many.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2025Article
- Hospital Quality and Racial Differences in Outcomes After Genitourinary Cancer Surgery.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospital Readmission and Frequent Hospitalizations Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia: Traditional Medicare Versus Medicare Advantage.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Ethnic Disparities in the Risk Factors, Morbidity, and Mortality of Cardiovascular Disease in People With Diabetes.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Review
- Associations Between Annual Medicare Part D Low-Income Subsidy Loss and Prescription Drug Spending and Use.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- Statin Eligibility and Prescribing Across Racial, Ethnic, and Language Groups over the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline Change: a Retrospective Cohort Analysis from 2009 to 2018.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- [Mobile health technologies, social justice and population-based vulnerabilities : A public health ethics perspective on mHealth using the example of type 2 diabetes mellitus].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2023Review
- Coverage Parity And Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Mental Health And Substance Use Care Among Medicare Beneficiaries.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2023Article
- Emergency Department Use in Black Individuals With Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2023Article
- A national assessment of legacy versus new generation Medicaid data.Health services research · 2022Article
- Design and rationale of GUARDD-US: A pragmatic, randomized trial of genetic testing for APOL1 and pharmacogenomic predictors of antihypertensive efficacy in patients with hypertension.Contemporary clinical trials · 2022Article
- Diabetes Care Among Older Adults Enrolled in Medicare Advantage Versus Traditional Medicare Fee-For-Service Plans: The Diabetes Collaborative Registry.Diabetes care · 2022Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDifferences in the control of blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose among the various racial and ethnic groups of Medicare enrollees may contribute to persistent disparities in health outcomes.
methodsAmong elderly enrollees in Medicare Advantage health plans in 2011 who had hypertension (94,171 persons), cardiovascular disease (112,039), or diabetes (105,848), we compared the respective age-and-sex-adjusted proportions with blood pressure lower than 140/90 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below 100 mg per deciliter (2.6 mmol per liter), and a glycated hemoglobin value of 9.0% or lower, according to race or ethnic group. Comparisons were made nationally and within regions and health plans, and changes since 2006 were assessed.
resultsBlack enrollees in 2006 and 2011 were substantially less likely than white enrollees to have adequate control of blood pressure (adjusted absolute differences in proportions of enrollees in the 2 years, 7.9 percentage points and 10.3 percentage points, respectively), cholesterol (11.4 percentage points and 10.2 percentage points, respectively), and glycated hemoglobin (10.1 percentage points and 9.4 percentage points, respectively) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Differing distributions of enrollees among health plans accounted for 39 to 59% of observed disparities in 2011. These differences persisted in 2011 in the Northeast, Midwest, and South (6.9 to 14.1 percentage points, P<0.001 for all comparisons) but were eliminated in the West for all three measures (<1.5 percentage points, P≥0.15). Hispanic enrollees were less likely than whites in 2011 to have adequate control of blood pressure (adjusted difference, 1.6 percentage points), cholesterol (adjusted difference, 1.0 percentage points), and glycated hemoglobin (adjusted difference, 3.4 percentage points) (P≤0.02 for all comparisons). Asians and Pacific Islanders were more likely than whites to have adequate control of blood pressure (difference, 4.4 percentage points; P<0.001) and cholesterol (5.5 percentage points, P<0.001) and had similar control of glycated hemoglobin (0.3 percentage points, P=0.63).
conclusionsDisparities in control of blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose have not improved nationally for blacks in Medicare Advantage plans, but these disparities were eliminated in the West in 2011. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging.).
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