ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2014
High prevalence of NMDA receptor IgA/IgM antibodies in different dementia types.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibodies against neuronal surface antigens in acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuronal surface autoantibodies in dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Neuronal autoantibodies associated with poorer neuropsychological and motor outcomes 6 months after stroke: results from the PHYS-STROKE trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Neuronal autoantibodies in neurodegenerative dementia: From evidence to clinical framework.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanism of Alzheimer's disease using integrated multi-omics.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Anti-NMDA-Receptor GluN1 Antibody Serostatus Is Robust in Acute Severe Stroke.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Frequency of synaptic antigen-specific CD4Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Monoclonal humanized monovalent antibody blocking therapy for anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Serum anti-NMDA receptor antibodies are linked to memory impairment 12 months after stroke.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Biomarker understanding first lessons from drug development for IgA-driven autoimmune and fibrotic diseases.Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine · 2025Review
- Novel cerebrospinal fluid anti-central nervous system IgG antibodies can identify immunotherapy-responsive neuropsychiatric disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Antibodies in neurological diseases: Established, emerging, explorative.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Blood and CSF anti-neuronal antibodies testing in psychotic syndromes: a retrospective analysis from a tertiary psychiatric hospital.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Cognitive deficits associated with novel intrathecal anti-nuclear antibodies.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Neuropathological hints from CSF and serum biomarkers in corticobasal syndrome (CBS): a systematic review.Neurological research and practice · 2024Review
- Brain-targeting autoantibodies in patients with dementia.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The three pillars in treating antibody-mediated encephalitis.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Review
- Depressive symptoms and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor GluN1 antibody seropositivity in the PROSpective cohort with incident stroke.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Serum immunoglobulins and biomarkers of dementia: a population-based study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
37 authors at 15 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo retrospectively determine the frequency of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) autoantibodies in patients with different forms of dementia.
methodsClinical characterization of 660 patients with dementia, neurodegenerative disease without dementia, other neurological disorders and age-matched healthy controls combined with retrospective analysis of serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the presence of NMDAR antibodies. Antibody binding to receptor mutants and the effect of immunotherapy were determined in a subgroup of patients.
resultsSerum NMDAR antibodies of IgM, IgA, or IgG subtypes were detected in 16.1% of 286 dementia patients (9.5% IgM, 4.9% IgA, and 1.7% IgG) and in 2.8% of 217 cognitively healthy controls (1.9% IgM and 0.9% IgA). Antibodies were rarely found in CSF. The highest prevalence of serum antibodies was detected in patients with "unclassified dementia" followed by progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, Parkinson's disease-related dementia, and primary progressive aphasia. Among the unclassified dementia group, 60% of 20 patients had NMDAR antibodies, accompanied by higher frequency of CSF abnormalities, and subacute or fluctuating disease progression. Immunotherapy in selected prospective cases resulted in clinical stabilization, loss of antibodies, and improvement of functional imaging parameters. Epitope mapping showed varied determinants in patients with NMDAR IgA-associated cognitive decline.
interpretationSerum IgA/IgM NMDAR antibodies occur in a significant number of patients with dementia. Whether these antibodies result from or contribute to the neurodegenerative disorder remains unknown, but our findings reveal a subgroup of patients with high antibody levels who can potentially benefit from immunotherapy.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.