ArticleMucosal immunology2015
CpG DNA assists the whole inactivated H9N2 influenza virus in crossing the intestinal epithelial barriers via transepithelial uptake of dendritic cell dendrites.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Responses of Dendritic Cells to Zoonotic DNA and RNA Viruses.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
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- Melatonin Suppresses LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress in Dendritic Cells for Inflammatory Regulation via the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Status and Challenges for Vaccination against Avian H9N2 Influenza Virus in China.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Porcine intraepithelial lymphocytes undergo migration and produce an antiviral response following intestinal virus infection.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Astaxanthin Provides Antioxidant Protection in LPS-Induced Dendritic Cells for Inflammatory Control.Marine drugs · 2021Article
- Astaxanthin Protects Dendritic Cells from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Immune Dysfunction.Marine drugs · 2021Article
- Oral administration ofOncoimmunology · 2021Article
- Pattern-Recognition Receptor Agonist-Containing Immunopotentiator CVC1302 Boosts High-Affinity Long-Lasting Humoral Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Mucosal Vaccination for Influenza Protection Enhanced by Catalytic Immune-Adjuvant.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2020Article
- Immune response in piglets orally immunized with recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2020Article
- Microarray analysis of infectious bronchitis virus infection of chicken primary dendritic cells.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- A Novel Gastric Spheroid Co-culture Model Reveals Chemokine-Dependent Recruitment of Human Dendritic Cells to the Gastric Epithelium.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Article
- Article
- Article
- Properties and applications of nanoparticle/microparticle conveyors with adjuvant characteristics suitable for oral vaccination.International journal of nanomedicine · 2018Review
- A primary human macrophage-enteroid co-culture model to investigate mucosal gut physiology and host-pathogen interactions.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- 4,4'-Diaponeurosporene-ProducingFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intestinal mucosa remains a pivotal barrier for the oral vaccine absorption of H9N2 whole inactivated influenza virus (WIV). However, CpG DNA, as an adjuvant, can effectively improve relevant mucosal and systemic immunity. The downstream mechanism is well confirmed, yet the evidence of CpG DNA assisting H9N2 WIV in transepithelial delivery is lacking. Here, we reported both in vitro and in vivo that CpG DNA combined with H9N2 WIV was capable of recruiting additional dendritic cells (DCs) to the intestinal epithelial cells (ECs) to form transepithelial dendrites (TEDs) for luminal viral uptake. Both CD103(+) and CD103(-) DCs participated in this process. The engagement of the chemokine CCL20 from the apical ECs and the DCs drove DC recruitment and TED formation. Virus-loaded CD103(+) but not CD103(-) DCs also quickly migrated into mesenteric lymph nodes within 2 h. Moreover, the mechanism of CpG DNA was independent of epithelial transcytosis and disruption of the epithelial barriers. Finally, the subsequent phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs was also enhanced. Our findings indicated that CpG DNA improved the delivery of H9N2 WIV via TEDs of intestinal DCs, and this may be an important mechanism for downstream effective antigen-specific immune responses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.