ArticleMolecular carcinogenesis2016
Silibinin and its 2,3-dehydro-derivative inhibit basal cell carcinoma growth via suppression of mitogenic signaling and transcription factors activation.
Article in Molecular carcinogenesis, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Radiosensitizing Potentials of Silymarin/Silibinin in Cancer: A Systematic Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Pooled it
- Silibinin-Loaded Proniosomal Gel for Cutaneous Application: Pharmaco-Technical Characterization and In Vitro-In Ovo Biocompatibility.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond the scalpel: rare and experimental nonsurgical treatments for basal cell carcinoma.Dermatology online journal · 2026Review
- Reappraisal of Alternative Treatments for Non-melanoma Skin Cancers on YouTube: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Epigenomic regulation of stemness contributes to the low immunogenicity of the most mutated human cancer.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Flavonolignans silybin, silychristin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin showed differential cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on splenocytes from Balb/c mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Silymarin: a promising modulator of apoptosis and survival signaling in cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Unconventional Remedies for Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Journey into Alternative Treatments.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Review
- Chemopreventive efficacy of silibinin against basal cell carcinoma growth and progression in UVB-irradiated Ptch+/- mice.Carcinogenesis · 2022Article
- Silymarin Dehydroflavonolignans Chelate Zinc and Partially Inhibit Alcohol Dehydrogenase.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Dehydroflavonolignans from Silymarin Potentiate Transition Metal Toxicity In Vitro but Are Protective for Isolated Erythrocytes Ex Vivo.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Alternative Options for Skin Cancer Therapy via Regulation of AKT and Related Signaling Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Phytochemical Targeting of STAT3 Orchestrated Lipid Metabolism in Therapy-Resistant Cancers.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Silibinin and non-melanoma skin cancers.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2020Review
- Simple and Rapid HPLC Separation and Quantification of Flavonoid, Flavonolignans, and 2,3-Dehydroflavonolignans in Silymarin.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Silibinin inhibits ultraviolet B radiation-induced mast cells recruitment and bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression in the skin at early stages in Ptch(+/-) mouse model of basal cell carcinoma.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2019Article
- Modulation of Skin Inflammatory Response by Active Components of Silymarin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Silibinin Treatment Inhibits the Growth of Hedgehog Inhibitor-Resistant Basal Cell Carcinoma Cells via Targeting EGFR-MAPK-Akt and Hedgehog Signaling.Photochemistry and photobiology · 2017Article
- Role of angiogenic factors of herbal origin in regulation of molecular pathways that control tumor angiogenesis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common cancer worldwide, and its current treatment options are insufficient and toxic. Surprisingly, unlike several other malignancies, chemopreventive efforts against BCC are almost lacking. Silibinin, a natural agent from milk thistle seeds, has shown strong efficacy against several cancers including ultraviolet radiation-induced skin (squamous) cancer; however, its potential activity against BCC is not yet examined. Herein, for the first time, we report the efficacy of silibinin and its oxidation product 2,3-dehydrosilibinin (DHS) against BCC both in vitro and in vivo using ASZ (p53 mutated) and BSZ (p53 deleted) cell lines derived from murine BCC tumors. Both silibinin and DHS significantly inhibited cell growth and clonogenicity while inducing apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with DHS showing higher activity at lower concentrations. Both agents also inhibited the mitogenic signaling by reducing EGFR, ERK1/2, Akt, and STAT3 phosphorylation and suppressed the activation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. More importantly, in an ectopic allograft model, oral administration of silibinin and DHS (200 mg/kg body weight) strongly inhibited the ASZ tumor growth by 44% and 71% (P < 0.05), respectively, and decreased the expression of proliferation biomarkers (PCNA and cyclin D1) as well as NF-κB p50 and c-Fos in the tumor tissues. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence for the efficacy and usefulness of silibinin and its derivative DHS against BCC, and suggest the need for additional studies with these agents in pre-clinical and clinical BCC chemoprevention and therapy models.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.