ArticleCraniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction2014
The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Midface Fractures - Level 3 Tutorial.
Article in Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trauma-related retrobulbar hematoma: predictive risk factors and clinical outcome in 52 cases.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Modern management of maxillofacial trauma in the emergency department.World journal of emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Concomitant body-wide trauma patterns in patients with head and neck injuries: a comparison based on the trauma register DGU® by the German trauma society and the dortmund maxillofacial trauma registry.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Long-term evaluation of complications after osteosynthesis of the jaws in patients with head and neck trauma: an analysis from a German highest level trauma center 2007-2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Symmetry-based analysis after surgical treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures using intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Patterns of ZMC and Le Fort Fractures under the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic-"A Changing Face?"Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Different Patterns of Zygomaticoorbital Complex Fractures.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2024Article
- Results of a Clinical Scoring System Regarding Symptoms and Surgical Treatment of Isolated Unilateral Zygomatico-Orbital Fractures: A Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis of 461 Cases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Contemporary Management of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2021Review
- Long-term evaluation of treatment protocols for isolated midfacial fractures in a German nation-wide craniomaxillofacial trauma center 2007-2017.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Complications after osteosynthesis of craniofacial fractures-an analysis from the years 2015-2017.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2021Article
- Traumatic skull fractures in dogs and cats: A comparative analysis of neurological and computed tomographic features.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2020Article
- Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs-Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Emergency Treatment of Blast, Shell Fragment and Bullet Injuries to the Central Midface Complex.Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery · 2019Article
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Mandible Fractures-Level 3 Tutorial.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Midface Fractures - Level 2 Tutorial.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Orbital Fractures - Level 3 Tutorial.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Classification and Documentation within AOCOIAC Software.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Midface Fractures - Level 3 Tutorial.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Radiological Issues and Systematic Approach.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
This tutorial outlines the details of the AOCMF image-based classification system for fractures of the midface at the precision level 3. The topography of the different midface regions (central midface-upper central midface, intermediate central midface, lower central midface-incorporating the naso-orbito-ethmoid region; lateral midface-zygoma and zygomatic arch, palate) is subdivided in much greater detail than in level 2 going beyond the Le Fort fracture types and its analogs. The level 3 midface classification system is presented along with guidelines to precisely delineate the fracture patterns in these specific subregions. It is easy to plot common fracture entities, such as nasal and naso-orbito-ethmoid, and their variants due to the refined structural layout of the subregions. As a key attribute, this focused approach permits to document the occurrence of fragmentation (i.e., single vs. multiple fracture lines), displacement, and bone loss. Moreover, the preinjury dental state and the degree of alveolar atrophy in edentulous maxillary regions can be recorded. On the basis of these individual features, tooth injuries, periodontal trauma, and fracture involvement of the alveolar process can be assessed. Coding rules are given to set up a distinctive formula for typical midface fractures and their combinations. The instructions and illustrations are elucidated by a series of radiographic imaging examples. A critical appraisal of the design of this level 3 midface classification is made.
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