ArticleCraniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction2014
The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Midface Fractures - Level 2 Tutorial.
Article in Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic accuracy of physical examination findings for midfacial fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Pooled it
- Trauma-related retrobulbar hematoma: predictive risk factors and clinical outcome in 52 cases.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Quantitative and Qualitative Symmetry Analysis of Open Reduction and Fixation of Zygomatic Complex Fractures.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025Article
- The Orbital Destruction Intensity Classification-An Easy-to-Use, Numerical Scale for Assessing the Severity of Orbital Fractures.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Concomitant body-wide trauma patterns in patients with head and neck injuries: a comparison based on the trauma register DGU® by the German trauma society and the dortmund maxillofacial trauma registry.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Long-term evaluation of complications after osteosynthesis of the jaws in patients with head and neck trauma: an analysis from a German highest level trauma center 2007-2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Symmetry-based analysis after surgical treatment of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures using intraoperative cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Patterns of ZMC and Le Fort Fractures under the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic-"A Changing Face?"Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Different Patterns of Zygomaticoorbital Complex Fractures.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2024Article
- Maxillofacial haemorrhagic symptoms in emergency department patients: impact of antithrombotics.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Article
- Results of a Clinical Scoring System Regarding Symptoms and Surgical Treatment of Isolated Unilateral Zygomatico-Orbital Fractures: A Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis of 461 Cases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Complications after osteosynthesis of craniofacial fractures-an analysis from the years 2015-2017.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2021Article
- Traumatic skull fractures in dogs and cats: A comparative analysis of neurological and computed tomographic features.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2020Article
- Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs-Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- A Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid (NOE) Fracture Associated with Bilateral Anterior and Posterior Frontal Sinus Wall Fractures Caused by a Horse Kick-Case Report and Short Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2019Article
- Le Fort Fractures: A Collective Review.Bulletin of emergency and trauma · 2017Review
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Fracture Case Collection, Diagnostic Imaging Work Up, AOCOIAC Iconography and Coding.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Radiological Issues and Systematic Approach.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification: Skull Base and Cranial Vault Fractures - Level 2 and 3 Tutorial.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level craniomaxillofacial classification system with increasing level of complexity and details. The highest level 1 system distinguish four major anatomical units including the mandible (code 91), midface (code 92), skull base (code 93), and cranial vault (code 94). This tutorial presents the level 2 system for the midface unit that concentrates on the location of the fractures within defined regions in the central (upper, intermediate, and lower) and lateral (zygoma, pterygoid) midface, as well as the internal orbit and palate. The level 2 midface fracture location outlines the topographic boundaries of the anatomical regions. The common nasoorbitoethmoidal and zygoma en bloc fracture patterns, as well as the time-honored Le Fort classification are taken into account. This tutorial is organized in a sequence of sections dealing with the description of the classification system with illustrations of the topographical cranial midface regions along with rules for fracture location and coding, a series of case examples with clinical imaging and a general discussion on the design of this classification. Individual fracture mapping in these regions regarding severity, fragmentation, displacement of the fragment or bone defect is addressed in a more detailed level 3 system in the subsequent articles.
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