ArticleCraniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction2014
The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Mandible Fractures-Level 3 Tutorial.
Article in Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of oral exercises and photobiomodulation therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with mandible fractures: randomized double-blind clinical trial.Lasers in medical science · 2022Trial
- Trauma-related retrobulbar hematoma: predictive risk factors and clinical outcome in 52 cases.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- A comparison of isolated mandibular fractures and pattern of fractures of the mandible in cases with panfacial fractures - A study from 2007 to 2024 in a highest-level German trauma centre on 2056 patients with mandibular fractures.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2025Article
- Concomitant body-wide trauma patterns in patients with head and neck injuries: a comparison based on the trauma register DGU® by the German trauma society and the dortmund maxillofacial trauma registry.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Long-term evaluation of complications after osteosynthesis of the jaws in patients with head and neck trauma: an analysis from a German highest level trauma center 2007-2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical outcomes of mandibular body fracture management using wire-reinforced intraoral composite splints in 15 cats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Two versus three magnesium screws for osteosynthesis of mandibular condylar head fractures: a finite element analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- A finite element analysis on the indication for extracting partially impacted mandibular third molars considering mandibular trauma.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Surgical treatment of clinically infected mandibular fractures.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Mandibular Fractures in a German Nationwide Trauma Center Between 2015 and 2017.Journal of maxillofacial and oral surgery · 2022Article
- Detection and classification of mandibular fracture on CT scan using deep convolutional neural network.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Article
- Craniomaxillofacial trauma in immature dogs-etiology, treatments, and outcomes.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Complications after osteosynthesis of craniofacial fractures-an analysis from the years 2015-2017.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2021Article
- Imaging of mandibular fractures: a pictorial review.Insights into imaging · 2020Review
- Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs-Part II: Association Between Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in Dogs-Part I: Fracture Location, Morphology and Etiology.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- The Comprehensive AO CMF Classification System for Mandibular Fractures: A Multicenter Validation Study.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2019Article
- Digital diagnosis and treatment of mandibular condylar fractures based on Extensible Neuro imaging Archive Toolkit (XNAT).PloS one · 2018Article
- An Alternative Method of Intermaxillary Fixation for Simple Pediatric Mandible Fractures.Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2016Article
- The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Fracture Case Collection, Diagnostic Imaging Work Up, AOCOIAC Iconography and Coding.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This tutorial outlines the details of the AOCMF image-based classification system for fractures of the mandibular arch (i.e. the non-condylar mandible) at the precision level 3. It is the logical expansion of the fracture allocation to topographic mandibular sites outlined in level 2, and is based on three-dimensional (3D) imaging techniques/computed tomography (CT)/cone beam CT). Level 3 allows an anatomical description of the individual conditions of the mandibular arch such as the preinjury dental state and the degree of alveolar atrophy. Trauma sequelae are then addressed: (1) tooth injuries and periodontal trauma, (2) fracture involvement of the alveolar process, (3) the degree of fracture fragmentation in three categories (none, minor, and major), and (4) the presence of bone loss. The grading of fragmentation needs a 3D evaluation of the fracture area, allowing visualization of the outer and inner mandibular cortices. To document these fracture features beyond topography the alphanumeric codes are supplied with distinctive appendices. This level 3 tutorial is accompanied by a brief survey of the peculiarities of the edentulous atrophic mandible. Illustrations and a few case examples serve as instruction and reference to improve the understanding and application of the presented features.
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