Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25489245›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2014

Enhanced local bioavailability of single or compound drugs delivery to the inner ear through application of PLGA nanoparticles via round window administration.

Hui Cai, Xingxing Wen, Lu Wen, Nicola Tirelli, Xiao Zhang, Yue Zhang, Huanpeng Su, Fan Yang, Gang Chen

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Article
  5. Study on Recovery Strategy of Hearing Loss & SGN Regeneration Under Physical Regulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hui CaiSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Xingxing WenSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Lu WenSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Nicola TirelliSchool of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Xiao ZhangSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Yue ZhangSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Huanpeng SuSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Fan YangSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Gang ChenSchool of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Department of Clinical pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Guangdong Pharmaceutical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this paper, the potential of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for carrying single or compound drugs traversing the round window membrane (RWM) was examined after the round window (RW) administration of different NPs to guinea pigs. First, coumarin-6 was incorporated into PLGA NPs as a fluorescent probe to investigate its ability to cross the RWM. Then, PLGA NPs with salvianolic acid B (Sal B), tanshinone IIA (TS IIA), and total panax notoginsenoside (PNS) including notoginsenoside R1 (R1), ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), and ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) were developed to evaluate whether NPs loaded with compound drugs would pass through the RWM and improve the local bioavailability of these agents. PLGA NPs loaded with single or compound drugs were prepared by the emulsification solvent evaporation method, and their particle size distribution, particle morphology, and encapsulation efficiency were characterized. In vitro release study showed sustained-release profiles of Sal B, TS IIA, and PNS from the NPs. The pharmacokinetic results showed that NPs applied to the RWM significantly improved drug distribution within the inner ear. The AUC0-t of coumarin-6 in the perilymph (PL) following RW administration of NPs was 4.7-fold higher than that of coumarin-6 solution, and the Cmax was 10.9-fold higher. Furthermore, the AUC(0-t) of R1, Rg1, and Rb1 were 4.0-, 3.1-, and 7.1-fold greater, respectively, after the application of NPs compared to the compound solution, and the Cmax were, respectively, 14.4-, 10.0-, and 16.7-fold higher. These findings suggest that PLGA NPs with unique properties at the nanoscale dimensions have a powerful ability to transport single or compound drugs into the PL through the RWM and remarkably enhance the local bioavailability of the encapsulated drugs in the inner ear. The use of PLGA NPs as nanoscale delivery vehicles to carry drugs across the RWM may be a promising strategy for the treatment of inner ear diseases.

Indexed as

Biological AvailabilityAnimalsCoumarinsDrugs, Chinese HerbalGuinea PigsLactic AcidNanoparticlesPerilymphPolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerRound Window, EarCoumarinsDrugs, Chinese HerbalLactic AcidPolyglycolic AcidPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymerinner ear administrationlocal bioavailabilitynanoparticlesperilymphpoly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide acid)

Identifiers

PMID25489245
PMCPMC4257110
OpenAlexW2005948874

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.