ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Optogenetic activation of GnRH neurons reveals minimal requirements for pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond canonical homeostasis: Dynamic, plastic, and intermittently unregulated physiology as the norm.Physiological reports · 2026Review
- Optical control of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neuronal network with a photoswitchable peptide that drives luteinizing hormone release in female mice.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Altered Electrophysiology and Transcriptome of GnRH Neurons in Middle-Aged Female Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuronal plasticity at puberty in mouse hypothalamicProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Canonical transient receptor potential channels and hypothalamic control of homeostatic functions.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2024Review
- Elevated prolactin secretion during proestrus in mice: Absence of a defined surge.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2022Article
- The electrophysiologic properties of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2022Review
- An optogenetic approach for regulating human parathyroid hormone secretion.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons and the Control of Homeostasis.Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Optogenetic stimulation of Kiss1Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- GnRH pulse frequency and irregularity play a role in male aging.Nature aging · 2021Article
- Deficiency of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin results in postpubertal central hypogonadism.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- Oviposition-promoting pars intercerebralis neurons showProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Diving into the brain: deep-brain imaging techniques in conscious animals.The Journal of endocrinology · 2020Review
- Article
- Kisspeptin Neuron-Specific and Self-Sustained Calcium Oscillation in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus of Neonatal Mice: Regulatory Factors of its Synchronization.Neuroendocrinology · 2020Article
- Functional Pituitary Networks in Vertebrates.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- The Origin of GnRH Pulse Generation: An Integrative Mathematical-Experimental Approach.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Hypothalamic Reproductive Endocrine Pulse Generator Activity Independent of Neurokinin B and Dynorphin Signaling.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for generating the pulsatile release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland are unknown. We develop here a methodology in mice for controlling the activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in vivo to establish the minimal parameters of activation required to evoke a pulse of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. Injections of Cre-dependent channelrhodopsin (ChR2)-bearing adeno-associated virus into the median eminence of adult GnRH-Cre mice resulted in the selective expression of ChR2 in hypophysiotropic GnRH neurons. Acute brain slice experiments demonstrated that ChR2-expressing GnRH neurons could be driven to fire with high spike fidelity with blue-light stimulation frequencies up to 40 Hz for periods of seconds and up to 10 Hz for minutes. Anesthetized, ovariectomized mice had optical fibers implanted in the vicinity of GnRH neurons within the rostral preoptic area. Optogenetic activation of GnRH neurons for 30-s to 5-min time periods over a range of different frequencies revealed that 10 Hz stimulation for 2 min was the minimum required to generate a pulse-like increment of LH. The same result was found for optical activation of GnRH projections in the median eminence. Increases in LH secretion were compared with endogenous LH pulse parameters measured from ovariectomized mice. Driving GnRH neurons to exhibit simultaneous burst firing was ineffective at altering LH secretion. These observations provide an insight into how GnRH neurons generate pulsatile LH secretion in vivo.
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