Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25489085›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014

Real-time monitoring of quorum sensing in 3D-printed bacterial aggregates using scanning electrochemical microscopy.

Jodi L Connell, Jiyeon Kim, Jason B Shear, Allen J Bard, Marvin Whiteley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  9. Habitat fragmentation enhances microbial collective defence.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025
    Article
  10. Towards improved biofilm models.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. CytochromeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Charge Mapping ofAnalytical chemistry · 2023
    Article

23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jodi L ConnellDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Infectious Disease and.
Jiyeon KimDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
Jason B ShearDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712.
Allen J BardDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 ajbard@mail.utexas.edu mwhiteley@austin.utexas.edu.
Marvin WhiteleyDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Infectious Disease and ajbard@mail.utexas.edu mwhiteley@austin.utexas.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microbes frequently live in nature as small, densely packed aggregates containing ∼10(1)-10(5) cells. These aggregates not only display distinct phenotypes, including resistance to antibiotics, but also, serve as building blocks for larger biofilm communities. Aggregates within these larger communities display nonrandom spatial organization, and recent evidence indicates that this spatial organization is critical for fitness. Studying single aggregates as well as spatially organized aggregates remains challenging because of the technical difficulties associated with manipulating small populations. Micro-3D printing is a lithographic technique capable of creating aggregates in situ by printing protein-based walls around individual cells or small populations. This 3D-printing strategy can organize bacteria in complex arrangements to investigate how spatial and environmental parameters influence social behaviors. Here, we combined micro-3D printing and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to probe quorum sensing (QS)-mediated communication in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results reveal that QS-dependent behaviors are observed within aggregates as small as 500 cells; however, aggregates larger than 2,000 bacteria are required to stimulate QS in neighboring aggregates positioned 8 μm away. These studies provide a powerful system to analyze the impact of spatial organization and aggregate size on microbial behaviors.

Indexed as

Bacterial Physiological PhenomenaPrinting, Three-DimensionalQuorum SensingMicroscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning3D printingPseudomonas aeruginosapyocyaninquorum sensingscanning electrochemical microscopy

Identifiers

PMID25489085
PMCPMC4280622

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.