ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2015
Added benefit of raxibacumab to antibiotic treatment of inhalational anthrax.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Postexposure Prophylaxis and Treatment of Bacillus anthracis Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Animal Models, 1947-2019.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Pooled it
- Antitoxin Use in the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax Disease: A Systematic Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Pooled it
- Ultrapotent neutralization of Bacillus anthracis toxin by a human antibody via blockade of PA oligomerization.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Revisiting the streptococcal M protein: modern perspectives on antibody function, host interactions, and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CDC Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Anthrax, 2023.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2023Article
- Anthrax revisited: how assessing the unpredictable can improve biosecurity.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Natural History of Marburg Virus Infection to Support Medical Countermeasure Development.Viruses · 2022Article
- Pre- and Postlicensure Animal Efficacy Studies Comparing Anthrax Antitoxins.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Layered and integrated medical countermeasures againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- A Review of the Efficacy of FDA-ApprovedToxins · 2021Review
- Current Status and Trends in Prophylaxis and Management of Anthrax Disease.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Different mechanisms of two anti-anthrax protective antigen antibodies and function comparison between them.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Article
- Article
- Bioinspired detoxification of blood: The efficient removal of anthrax toxin protective antigen using an extracorporeal macroporous adsorbent device.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Combination of Antibodies and Antibiotics as a Promising Strategy Against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens of the Respiratory Tract.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Using Telemetry Data to Refine Endpoints for New Zealand White Rabbits Challenged withJournal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2017Article
- Anthrax immune globulin improves hemodynamics and survival during B. anthracis toxin-induced shock in canines receiving titrated fluid and vasopressor support.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2017Article
- Estimation of Time Period for Effective Human Inhalational Anthrax Treatment Including Antitoxin Therapy.PLoS currents · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although antibiotics treat bacteremia in inhalational anthrax, pathogenesis is mainly driven by bacterial exotoxins. Raxibacumab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody, binds the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis, thus blocking toxin effects and leading to improved survival in the rabbit and monkey models of inhalational anthrax. To assess raxibacumab's added benefit over levofloxacin (LVX) alone, rabbits surviving to 84 h after a challenge with 200 times the median (50%) lethal dose of B. anthracis spores were randomized to receive 3 daily intragastric LVX doses of 50 mg/kg of body weight, with the first LVX dose administered just prior to administration of a single intravenous dose of placebo or 40 mg/kg raxibacumab. The percentages of animals alive at 28 days following the last LVX dose were compared between the 2 treatment groups using a two-sided likelihood-ratio chi-square test. The 82% survival rate for the LVX-raxibacumab combination was higher than the 65% survival rate for LVX alone (P=0.0874). There were nearly 2-fold fewer deaths for the combination (7 deaths; n=39) than for LVX alone (13 deaths; n=37), and the survival time was prolonged for the combination (P=0.1016). Toxin-neutralizing-activity titers were similar for both treatment groups, suggesting that survivors in both groups were able to mount a toxin-neutralizing immune response. Microscopic findings considered consistent with anthrax were present in animals that died or became moribund on study in both treatment groups, and there were no anthrax-related findings in animals that survived. Overall, raxibacumab provided a meaningful benefit over antibiotic alone when administered late in the disease course.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.