ArticleCell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)2014
Bimodal regulation of p21(waf1) protein as function of DNA damage levels.
Article in Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- R-loops and impaired autophagy trigger cGAS-dependent inflammation via micronuclei formation in Senataxin-deficient cells.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Article
- Genetic heterogeneity in p53-null leukemia increases transiently with spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition and is not rescued by p53.Chromosoma · 2024Article
- Sex specific regulation of TSPY-Like 2 in the DNA damage response of cancer cells.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- Revisiting the Function of p21International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Coping with DNA Double-Strand Breaks via ATM Signaling Pathway in Bovine Oocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- The p21 dependent G2 arrest of the cell cycle in epithelial tubular cells links to the early stage of renal fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- TSPYL2 is a novel regulator of SIRT1 and p300 activity in response to DNA damage.Cell death and differentiation · 2019Article
- Simultaneous targeting of ATM and Mcl-1 increases cisplatin sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer biology & therapy · 2017Article
- MicroRNA-92a Promotes Cell Proliferation in Cervical Cancer via Inhibiting p21 Expression and Promoting Cell Cycle Progression.Oncology research · 2017Article
- A novel crosstalk between CCAR2 and AKT pathway in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation.Cell death & disease · 2016Article
- The PARP inhibitor ABT-888 potentiates dacarbazine-induced cell death in carcinoids.Cancer gene therapy · 2016Article
- MicroRNA-93 promotes the malignant phenotypes of human glioma cells and induces their chemoresistance to temozolomide.Biology open · 2016Article
- Article
- CCAR2/DBC1 is required for Chk2-dependent KAP1 phosphorylation and repair of DNA damage.Oncotarget · 2015Article
- Chk2 and REGγ-dependent DBC1 regulation in DNA damage induced apoptosis.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human p21(Waf1) protein is well known for being transcriptionally induced by p53 and activating the cell cycle checkpoint arrest in response to DNA breaks. Here we report that p21(Waf1) protein undergoes a bimodal regulation, being upregulated in response to low doses of DNA damage but rapidly and transiently degraded in response to high doses of DNA lesions. Responsible for this degradation is the checkpoint kinase Chk1, which phosphorylates p21(Waf1) on T145 and S146 residues and induces its proteasome-dependent proteolysis. The initial p21(Waf1) degradation is then counteracted by the ATM-Chk2 pathway, which promotes the p53-dependent accumulation of p21(Waf1) at any dose of damage. We also found that p21(Waf1) ablation favors the activation of an apoptotic program to eliminate otherwise irreparable cells. These findings support a model in which in human cells a balance between ATM-Chk2-p53 and the ATR-Chk1 pathways modulates p21(Waf1) protein levels in relation to cytostatic and cytotoxic doses of DNA damage.
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